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Low-concentration ammonia gas sensing using polyaniline nanofiber thin film grown by rapid polymerization technique

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Abstract

A thin film of polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber was synthesized by a simple and inexpensive rapid chemical polymerization technique on glass substrate at room temperature. The fundamental peaks that appeared in the absorbance, transmittance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the formation of polyaniline salt thin film. The surface morphology investigation was done by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which showed cylindrical fibers with an average diameter of ~ 59 nm on the entire surface. The XRD pattern of polyaniline nanofiber shows amorphous nature. The gas sensing properties of polyaniline nanofiber thin films were investigated using a Keithley 2400 I–V (± 2 V) sourcemeter interfaced with a computer system, in presence of 0.25–2 ppm and 25–250 ppm in the dry ammonia gas at room temperature. Polyaniline nanofibers show a noticeable response for lower gas concentration, i.e., 0.25–2 ppm of ammonia with response time of ~ 63 s and stability of 19 days. The higher detection limit of the polyaniline nanofiber-based sensor was observed to be 100 ppm with a response of 92% for ammonia gas.

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Acknowledgements

The author is thankful to IUAC, New Delhi for providing characterization facilities and financial assistance. We are also thankful to Dr. F Singh, Sr. scientist IUAC, New Delhi for useful discussion.

Funding

Financial assistance is provided by IUAC, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thin Film & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, MS, India

    Deepak S. Upadhye & Ramphal Sharma

  2. Shri. Dr. R. G. Rathod Arts & Science College, Akola, Murtizapur, 444 107, MS, India

    Avinash S. Dive

  3. Puranmal Lahoti Government Polytechnic, Latur, 413531, MS, India

    Ravikiran B. Birajadar

  4. Department of Nanotechnology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, 431 004, MS, India

    Sagar B. Bagul & Ketan P. Gattu

  5. Department of Physics, Nanoscience and Technology, IIS (Deemed to University), Jaipur, 302020, India

    Ramphal Sharma

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  1. Deepak S. Upadhye
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Contributions

DSU and SBB synthesized the thin films, characterized them, and performed the experiments. ASD assisted with the analysis and writing of the structural and optical results. The gas sensing analysis was done by RBB and KPG and the overall work was guided by RS.

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Correspondence to Ramphal Sharma.

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Upadhye, D.S., Dive, A.S., Birajadar, R.B. et al. Low-concentration ammonia gas sensing using polyaniline nanofiber thin film grown by rapid polymerization technique. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 23016–23029 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09069-w

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