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Growth, structural, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of morpholinium 3,5-Dinitrosalicylate single crystals for nonlinear optical applications

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Abstract

A novel third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) active organic adduct, morpholinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid M35DS was synthesized and single crystals of size 10 × 6 × 5 mm3 were grown from an aqueous solution by adopting the slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). The formation of a new crystalline adduct was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) technique, and it revealed that the grown single crystals belong to the monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group C2/c. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques have been used to determine the phase purity and verify the presence of multifarious functional groups in the grown crystals, respectively. The determined optical properties by the UV–Vis-NIR transmittance analysis reveal that the grown M35DS crystal possesses an attractive optical transmittance in the visible and NIR regions with a lower cutoff wave length at 445 nm and these features are more appropriate for many emerging optical fields. The mechanical hardness of the grown single crystal was evaluated by the Vickers microhardness test at room temperature. Besides, the grown single crystal showed relatively good thermal stability of about 191 °C, which was determined by simultaneously recorded thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated using single beam Z-scan technique with an excitation source of a continuous wave laser at 532 nm. From this analysis, it is confirmed that the grown crystal exhibits a strong reverse saturable absorption, self-defocusing refraction and high third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ3), which satisfies the requirements for designing standard third-order NLO devices.

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Data availbility

The whole datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Dr.Viswanathan Vijayan, Post Doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Biophysics, AIIMS, New Delhi for his support in structure solving procedure using Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis. Faculties at Research Centre, SSN University, Chennai are acknowledged for their help towards basic characterization.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support from CSIR sanction, Government of India, through Project Ref No.03 (1413)/17/EMR-II dated 09.05.2017 during this work.

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  1. Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, India

    Thiyagarajan Maadhu & G. Vinitha

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  1. Thiyagarajan Maadhu
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by TM and GV. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to G. Vinitha.

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Maadhu, T., Vinitha, G. Growth, structural, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of morpholinium 3,5-Dinitrosalicylate single crystals for nonlinear optical applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 20911–20928 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08898-z

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