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Electromigration effect on Sn-58 % Bi solder joints with various substrate metallizations under current stress

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Abstract

The electromigration behavior of low-melting temperature Sn-58Bi (in wt%) solder joints was investigated with a high current density between 3 and 4.5 × 103 A/cm2 between 80 and 110 °C. In order to analyze the impact of various substrate metallizations on the electromigration performance of the Sn-58Bi joint, we used representative substrate metallizations including electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG), and organic solderability preservatives (OSP). As the applied current density increased, the time to failure (TTF) for electromigration decreased regardless of the temperature or substrate metallizations. In addition, the TTF slightly decreased with increasing temperature. The substrate metallization significantly affected the TTF for the electromigration behavior of the Sn-58Bi solder joints. The substrate metallizations for electromigration performance of the Sn-58Bi solder are ranked in the following order: OSP-Cu, ENEPIG, and ENIG. Due to the polarity effect, current stressing enhanced the fast growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the anode interface. Cracks occurred at the Ni3Sn4 + Ni3P IMC/Cu interfaces on the cathode sides in the Sn-58Bi/ENIG joint and the Sn-58Bi/ENEPIG joint; this was caused by the complete consumption of the Ni(P) layer. Alternatively, failure occurred via deformation of the bulk solder in the Sn-58Bi/OSP-Cu joint. The experimental results confirmed that the electromigration reliability of the Sn-58Bi/OSP-Cu joint was superior to those of the Sn-58Bi/ENIG or Sn-58Bi/ENEPIG joints.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeong gi-do, Korea

    Sang-Min Lee

  2. Micro-Joining Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea

    Jeong-Won Yoon

  3. School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeong gi-do, Korea

    Seung-Boo Jung

Authors
  1. Sang-Min Lee
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  2. Jeong-Won Yoon
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  3. Seung-Boo Jung
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Correspondence to Jeong-Won Yoon or Seung-Boo Jung.

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Lee, SM., Yoon, JW. & Jung, SB. Electromigration effect on Sn-58 % Bi solder joints with various substrate metallizations under current stress. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 1105–1112 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3858-6

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