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Synthetic-based blended electrospun scaffolds in tissue engineering applications

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Abstract

Electrospinning, as one of the most common methodologies in nanofibers production, involves applying high voltages to a polymeric solution that is entrapped in a syringe to obtain biomimetic nanofibrous constructs. These microstructures may render resemblance to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and be used as a tissue engineering scaffold. The electrospun scaffolds can provide properties commensurate with the intended tissue, to be employed as a potential substitute for cell stroma and/or drug delivery applications. It seems that polymeric nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds are to meet indispensable requirements to support cells to grow, proliferate and differentiate; it is mostly because of interconnected porous architecture and tunable mechanical backup. Despite their wide diversity, synthetic polymers individually do not provide enough amenities for tissue regeneration and thus need to be blended with other biological macromolecules and polymeric biomaterials. This review will discuss recent decades’ pieces of literature on blend biopolymeric nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds in tissue repair and regeneration.

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Figure 1

Adapted with permission from reference [19]. Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A

Figure 2

Adapted with permission from reference [25]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier, Materials Science and Engineering: C

Figure 3

Adapted with permission from reference [25]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier, Materials Science and Engineering: C

Figure 4

Adapted with permission from reference [34]. Copyright 2019, Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Figure 5

Adapted with permission from reference [46]. Copyright 2018, DOVE Medical Press, International Journal of Nanomedicine

Figure 6

Adapted with permission from reference [72]. Copyright 2020, MDPI, Polymers

Figure 7

Adapted with permission from reference [103]. Copyright 2018, MDPI, Journal of Functional Biomaterials

Figure 8

Adapted with permission from reference [160]. Copyright 2011, Public Library of Science, PLoS One

Figure 9
Figure 10

Adapted with permission from reference [198]. Copyright 2018, MDPI, Nanomaterials

Figure 11

Adapted with permission from reference [216]. Copyright 2017, MDPI, Polymers

Figure 12

Adapted with permission from reference [231]. Copyright 2019, MDPI, Polymers

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Abbreviations

ADSCs:

Adipose derived stem cells

ALG-S:

Alginate sulfate

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

AP–g–GA:

Aniline pentamer–graft–gelatin

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

ARPE-19:

Human retinal pigmented epithelium

BMSCs:

(Human) bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

B. subtilis :

Bacillus subtilis

CAB:

Cellulose acetate butyrate

CS:

Chondroitin sulfate

CHM:

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate

Cs-g-PCL:

Chitosan-graft-PCL

CSNe:

Chitosan nanoemulsion

CS-HOBt:

Chitosan-hydroxybenzotriazole

CA:

Cellulose acetate

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystals

CNF:

Cellulose nanofibers

CMC:

Carboxymethyl chitosan

CECS:

Carboxyethyl chitosan

CUR:

Curcumin

CHX:

Chlorhexidine

CIP:

Ciprofloxacin

CPs:

Conductive polymers

DMECM:

Decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix

DP:

Date palm

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DPD:

Dipyridamole

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EC:

Endothelial cells

FEK4:

Human skin primary fibroblast cell line

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

gMSCs:

Gingival mesenchymal stem cells

hMSCs:

Human mesenchymal stem cells

HFIP:

1,1,1,3,3,3 Hexafluroisopropanol

HFFF-2:

Human fetal foreskin fibroblast cell line

HA:

Hyaluronic acid/hyaluronan

HAM:

Human amniotic membrane

HaCaT:

Human epidermal immortalized keratinocyte cell line

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cell

HDF:

Human dermal fibroblast

HASMCs:

Human aorta smooth muscle cells

HCF:

Human cardiac fibroblast

HEK293:

Human embryonic kidney cells

HEEpiC:

Human esophageal epithelial cells

HPG:

Hyperbranched polyglycerol

HEC:

Hydroxyethyl cellulose

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

K. pneumonia :

Klebsiella pneumonia

Κ-CG:

Κ-Carrageenan

Lcl-PHA:

Long-chain length PHA

LSCs:

Limbal stem cells

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

mcl-PHA:

Medium-chain length PHA

NFZ:

Nitrofurazone

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

O-Chitosan:

Organic soluble chitosan

OECs:

Olfactory ensheathing cells

PCL:

Poly(ε-caprolactone)

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid

PEOT–PBT:

Poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)–poly(butylene terephthalate)

PEGMA:

Poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate)

PEGDMA:

Poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)

PHA:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates

P3ANA:

Poly(anthranilic acid)

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PDS:

Polydioxanone

PTMC:

Poly(trimethylene carbonate)

PGS:

Poly(glycerol sebacate)

PA-6,6:

Polyamide-6,6

PAAc:

Poly(acrylic acid)

PLA:

Poly(lactic acid)

PEO:

Poly(ethylene oxide)

PHMB:

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide)

3ABAPANI:

Poly(aniline-co-3-aminobenzoic acid)

PRP:

Platelet-rich plasma

pHMGCL:

Poly(hydroxymethylglycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)

PPy:

Polypyrrole

PBAPCL:

Poly[(1,4-butylene adipate)-co-(polycaprolactam)]

PEG-b-(PPy)4 :

Poly(ethylene glycol)-modified polypyrrole

PVCz:

Poly(N-vinyl carbazole)

PS:

Polystyrene

P(3HB-co-4HB):

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)

PLDLLA:

Poly[(l-lactide)-co-(d, l-lactide)]

PLCG:

Poly [(l-lactide)-co-(ε-caprolactone)-co-(glycolide)]

PES:

Polyethersulfone

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

PBS-DLS:

Poly(butylene succinate-co-dilinoleic succinate)

PHBHHx:

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

PLCL:

Poly[(l-lactide)-co-(ε-caprolactone)]

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

P. aeruginosa :

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEDOT/PSS:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

PEII:

Polyetherimide

PVP:

Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)

(T)PU:

(Thermoplastic) polyurethane

PLLA:

Poly(l-lactic acid)

PDLA:

Poly(d-lactic acid)

PDLLA:

Poly(d, l-lactic acid)

PF-108:

Pluronic-F 108

PHB:

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

PHBV:

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

PPDL:

Poly(l-lactic acid)-co-poly(pentadecalactone)

PANIS:

Polyanisidine

PAni:

Polyaniline

PBS:

Phosphate buffered-saline

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

RGD:

Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid

Rap:

Rapamycin

rhBMP-2:

Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2

RBCs:

Red blood cells

Scl-PHA:

Short-chain length PHA

SMPU:

Shape memory polyurethane

SPEU:

Segmented polyurethane

SF:

Silk fibroin

SBF:

Simulated body fluid

SS:

Silk sericin

SA:

Sodium alginate

SPI:

Soy protein

TSF:

Tussah silk fibroin

TN:

Tannin

TCH:

Tetracycline hydrochloride

TC:

Tigecycline

TGF-b1:

Transforming growth factor-beta 1

VICs:

Valvular interstitial cells

WBPU:

Waterborne polyurethane

WBCs:

White blood cells

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  1. Zahra Mohammadalizadeh and Elahe Bahremandi-Toloue have contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Zahra Mohammadalizadeh, Elahe Bahremandi-Toloue & Saeed Karbasi

  2. The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia

    Elahe Bahremandi-Toloue

  3. Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Saeed Karbasi

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Mohammadalizadeh, Z., Bahremandi-Toloue, E. & Karbasi, S. Synthetic-based blended electrospun scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. J Mater Sci 57, 4020–4079 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06826-w

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