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Facile synthesis of flower-like Bi2WO6/C3N4/CNT ternary composite with enhanced photoactivity: influencing factors and mechanism

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Abstract

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-bridged Z-scheme Bi2WO6/C3N4 ternary heterojunctions (BCT) were prepared through a two-step hydrothermal method. Field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images reveal the flower-like structures of prepared samples. The modification of C3N4 and CNT leads to an improved specific surface area without affecting the morphology of Bi2WO6. Optical characterizations demonstrate an improved visible light absorption for the BCT sample compared to the pure Bi2WO6 and other binary Bi2WO6/C3N4, Bi2WO6/CNT composites. Moreover, the formation of intimate ternary heterointerface (identified by HRTEM images) effectively facilitates the interfacial carrier separation and reduces the recombination of electron–hole pairs, as indicated by a series of electrochemical characterizations. The prepared BCT3 photocatalyst (incorporated with 5% of C3N4 and 1.67% of CNT) posses 0.0304 min−1 of ciprofloxacin photodegradation rate, which is a superior value than related Bi2WO6 and C3N4-based composite photocatalysts. The work functions, electronic structure and charge density difference were calculated by employing density functional theory method. The results suggest that the photogenerated electrons would transfer from Bi2WO6 to C3N4, bridging by the CNT with great conductivity and suitable work function. This charge transfer pathway corresponds to the formation of Z-scheme mechanism in prepared BCT composites, which is also supported by the trapping experiments and electron spin resonance analysis. We anticipate that the present work will be helpful for constructing highly efficient ternary Z-scheme photocatalysts by coupling a small amount of CNT as a non-noble metal cocatalyst.

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3D Flower-like Bi2WO6/C3N4/CNT Z-scheme ternary composite was successfully synthesized and utilized as high-performance photocatalyst for degrading a wide range of organic pollutants.

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by projects of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M610491), the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of the Hubei Province (Grant No. 2016CFA079), the Scientific Research Plan Project of the Education Department of the Hubei Province (Grant No. B2019377).

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  1. Kun Wu and Shaojia Song have contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, People’s Republic of China

    Kun Wu, Shaojia Song, Huadong Wu, Jia Guo & Linfeng Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, People’s Republic of China

    Kun Wu, Shaojia Song, Huadong Wu, Jia Guo & Linfeng Zhang

  3. School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, People’s Republic of China

    Kun Wu, Shaojia Song, Huadong Wu, Jia Guo & Linfeng Zhang

  4. College of Post and Telecommunications, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People’s Republic of China

    Kun Wu

  5. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China

    Linfeng Zhang

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Wu, K., Song, S., Wu, H. et al. Facile synthesis of flower-like Bi2WO6/C3N4/CNT ternary composite with enhanced photoactivity: influencing factors and mechanism. J Mater Sci 55, 15945–15962 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05139-8

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