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Polyaniline-based conducting hydrogels

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Abstract

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) have been identified as a promising class of polymeric material for a wide range of applications such as biomedical, energy, environmental, health and agricultural domains. CPHs have received immense consideration because of their biocompatibility, hydrophilic properties, biodegradable nature, electroconductivity, ample resources and ease of preparation. Flexible nature of CPHs is considered as a potential candidate for some innovative technologies like flexible electronics especially flexible supercapacitors and solar cells, and their biocompatibility nature plays a key role in biomedical applications such as bioconductors, biosensors, implantable medical devices, electro-stimulated drug delivery systems, artificial muscle, and tissue engineering. When it comes to the matter of conductivity, among conducting polymers, polyaniline has been studied extensively for its stability, variable electrical conductivity, inexpensive raw material and better compatibility with other biopolymers. This review focuses on recent developments in polyaniline-based conducting hydrogels and their applications in biomedical and energy applications. Different strategies of synthesis, thermal, structural, electrochemical behavior of CPHs and their further opportunities and challenges are also discussed here.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three dimension

APS:

Ammonium persulfate

ATMP:

Aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid

CA125:

Carcinoma antigen-125

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

CP:

Conducting polymer

CPHs:

Conducting polymeric hydrogels

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

DBS:

1,3:2,4-Di-O-benzylidene-d-sorbitol

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

EMI:

Electromagnetic interference shielding

ESD:

Electrostatic discharge

FB:

Fmoc–phenylalanine

FS:

Fluorescent sodium

FT:

Freeze–thaw

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

GCD:

Galvanostatic charge/discharge

GDE:

Glycerol diglycidyl ether

GelMA:

Gelatin methacrylate

Gg:

Gum ghatti

HCl:

Hydrochloric acid

IA:

Itaconic acid

KPS:

Potassium persulfate

LED:

Light-emitting diodes

MB:

Methylene blue

MFH:

Multifunctional hydrogel

MG:

Malachite green

MWCNT:

Multiwall carbon nanotube

NaPPDT:

Poly(sodium-3-sulfo-p-phenyleneterephthalamide)

NDC:

N-doped nanocarbon

PAA:

Polyacrylic acid

PAM:

Polyacrylamide

PAMPA:

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)

PANI:

Polyaniline

PCL:

Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEGda:

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate

PHEMA:

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

PNIPAM:

Poly(isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)

PPDA:

Polyphenylenediamine

PPY:

Polypyrrole

PSS:

Poly(styrene sulfonate)

PTH:

Polythiophene

PTHI:

Polythreonine

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVP:

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

RGOHG:

Reduced graphene oxide hydrogel

SC:

Supercapacitor

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SWV:

Squarewave voltammetry

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge PIEI (Quimico-Bio) and Proyecto de Investigacion enlace FONDECYT (No. 300061) Universidad de Talca. PR wishes to acknowledge VRIP, Universidad Catolica del Maule. TJ wishes to acknowledge FONDECYT Postdoctoral Project (No. 3170272).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile

    Radha D. Pyarasani

  2. Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile

    Tippabattini Jayaramudu & Amalraj John

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  1. Radha D. Pyarasani
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  2. Tippabattini Jayaramudu
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  3. Amalraj John
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Correspondence to Amalraj John.

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Pyarasani, R.D., Jayaramudu, T. & John, A. Polyaniline-based conducting hydrogels. J Mater Sci 54, 974–996 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2977-x

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