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Effect of dietary supplementation with Chlorella sorokiniana meal on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate whether dietary Chlorella sorokiniana supplementation could improve growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Three isonitrogenous (47%) and isolipidic (16.5%) diets supplemented with 0% (Control), 5% (5% CS), and 10% C. sorokiniana meal (10% CS) were assigned to O. mykiss (three replicates per diet, 30 fish in each replicate, initial body weight 165.24 ± 0.46 g). The results indicated that O. mykiss fed with 5% CS diet had an increased feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain rate (WGR) compared to the control (P < 0.05). Dietary 5% or 10% C. sorokiniana supplementation significantly increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and catalase (CAT) in the liver and head kidney. In addition, dietary supplementation with 10% C. sorokiniana also significantly increased activity level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and simultaneously decreased contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and head kidney. Furthermore, fish fed with 5% CS or 10 CS diet demonstrated increased activity level of lysozyme (LYZ), higher content of immunoglobulin M (IgM), and upregulated transcriptional expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), hepcidin (HEP), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the head kidney. Based on fish growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune response, dietary supplementation of 5% C. sorokiniana was recommended.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Zhihong Ma, Tieliang Li, Guanling Xu, and Wei Xing for their help with the sample collection and technical assistance.

Funding

This work was partially supported by SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd.,  the Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (MS2019NO03), and the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology (13480088).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China

    Weijun Chen

  2. Center for Microalgal Biofuels and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Weijun Chen, Danxiang Han & Qiang Hu

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing, 10068, China

    Lin Luo

  4. SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Corporation, Beijing, 100142, China

    Feiping Long, Qinglei Chi & Qiang Hu

  5. Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Qiang Hu

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  1. Weijun Chen
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  2. Lin Luo
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Contributions

W-j C, LL, D-x H, and QH designed the experiment. W-j C, LL, F-p L, and Q-l C conducted the experiment. W-j C and QH contributed to the analysis of the data and wrote the manuscript. LL, D-x H and QH contributed to the revision.

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Correspondence to Qiang Hu.

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All procedures implemented for rainbow trout were approved by the ethics committee of the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

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Chen, W., Luo, L., Han, D. et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with Chlorella sorokiniana meal on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Appl Phycol 33, 3113–3122 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02541-w

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