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Electrochemical determination of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) using a carbon fiber microelectrode modified by electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles and poly-NiTSPc film

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Abstract

We present an approach on the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) followed by deposition of nickel(II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (p-NiTSPc) film by electropolymerization to form CFME-AuNPs/p-NiTSPc, for the sensitive determination of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the topography, morphology, and elemental composition of CFME, CFME-AuNPs, CFME-p-NiTSPc, and CFME-AuNPs/p-NiTSPc, respectively. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was employed to evaluate the charge-transfer rate of the tested sensors. To establish the optimal conditions for the electroanalysis of BHA, various parameters were investigated, including the potential scan rate, pH, and electrolysis potential. CFME-AuNPs/p-NiTSPc demonstrated the highest BHA signal, corresponding to the highest active surface area of 0.025 cm2, compared to CFME-p-NiTSPc (0.024 cm2), CFME-AuNPs (0.022 cm2), and CFME (0.021 cm2). In a phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 0.1 M; pH 3), a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.998) was observed between peak current intensities and BHA concentrations in the range of 10–80 µM, resulting to a detection limit (LOD) of 3.60 µM (S/N = 3) and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 12 µM (S/N = 10). The analytical HPLC technique was also tested for BHA determination within the concentration range of 5.55–55.48 µM and the obtained LOD was calculated to be 4.41 µM. The potential interference of certain species that could affect the BHA oxidation signal was also evaluated, followed by the application of CFME-AuNPs/p-NiTSPc in real water and Mitosyl ointment samples. The recovery values of BHA were acceptable, ranging from 96 to 99% and demonstrating that the developed sensor is highly sensitive and effective for detecting trace amounts of BHA.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Romain Mallet (Angers University, SCIAM, France) for recording SEM/AFM images and EDX spectra. We also thank the ISP (International Science Program) for its financial support to the African Network of Electroanalytical Chemists (ANEC). We are grateful to iMERMAID (Innovative solutions for Mediterranean Ecosystem Remediation via Monitoring and decontamination from Chemical Pollution) project funded by European Union for the financial support of the postdoctoral position of Dr. Serge MBOKOU at the Angers University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Honorine Hortense Tchoumi Bougna, Evangeline Njanja, Serge Foukmeniok Mbokou, Raïssa Massah Tagueu & Ignas Kenfack Tonle

  2. Group of Analysis and Processes (GA&P), Department of Chemistry, University of Angers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France

    Serge Foukmeniok Mbokou & Maxime Pontié

  3. Institut des Sciences et de Technologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 01, BP 1757, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso

    Yibor Fabrice Roland Bako

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  1. Honorine Hortense Tchoumi Bougna
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HHTB, EN, SFM, RTM, and IKT conducted the Lab work. HTB and SFM wrote the main manuscript. YFRB and MP did some experiments and characterizations. All authors reviewed the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Serge Foukmeniok Mbokou.

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Tchoumi Bougna, H.H., Njanja, E., Foukmeniok Mbokou, S. et al. Electrochemical determination of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) using a carbon fiber microelectrode modified by electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles and poly-NiTSPc film. J Appl Electrochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-024-02093-0

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