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Keratoconus after 40 years of age: a longitudinal comparative population-based study

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Abstract

Purpose

To determine 5-year changes in keratoconus indices and corrected distance visual acuity in 40–64-year-old keratoconus compared with normal subjects.

Methods

In this prospective population-based cohort study, 5-year changes in Belin grading system indices including the average radii of curvature in the 3 mm zone surrounding the thinnest point in the anterior (ARC-3 mm) and posterior (PRC-3 mm) cornea, corrected distance visual acuity, minimum corneal thickness, maximum Ambrosio’s relational thickness (ART-max), and maximum anterior keratometry indices centered on steepest point in the central 3 mm (Kmax-3 mm), 4 mm (Kmax-4 mm), and 5 mm (Kmax-5 mm) zones were compared between keratoconus and normal participants. In the analysis, comparisons were made between all keratoconus eyes and the right eyes of normal participants.

Results

The mean age in the keratoconus (n = 16 eyes) and normal (n = 1986 eyes) groups (48.31 ± 4.78, 49.37 ± 5.79 years, respectively) was not statistically different (P = 0.327). The two groups differed in terms of changes in PRC-3 mm (− 0.07 ± 0.15 vs. + 0.001 ± 0.14 mm, respectively, P = 0.042) and ART-max (− 6.28 ± 25.19 vs. + 15.8 ± 72.7 μm, respectively, P = 0.003). There were significant correlations between the reduction in PRC-3 mm and its baseline value (β = − 0.20, P < 0.001) and keratoconus (β = − 0.26, P < 0.001). The reduction in ART-max significantly correlated with its baseline value (β = − 0.43, P < 0.001) and keratoconus (β = − 111.74, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

According to these findings, posterior corneal steepening and thinning in keratoconus patients continue after the age of 40 years, but it is clinically negligible. The changes are independent of normal age-related changes and appear to be slower in cases with steeper and thinner corneas.

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Funding

Shahroud Eye Cohort Study was supported by the Noor Ophthalmology Research Center and Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (Project Number: 8737). No funding was received for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Hashemi & Soheila Asgari

  2. ASCEND Center for Biomedical Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Shiva Mehravaran

  3. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Mohammad Hassan Emamian

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran

    Akbar Fotouhi

Authors
  1. Hassan Hashemi
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  2. Soheila Asgari
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  3. Shiva Mehravaran
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  4. Mohammad Hassan Emamian
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  5. Akbar Fotouhi
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Correspondence to Akbar Fotouhi.

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Hashemi, H., Asgari, S., Mehravaran, S. et al. Keratoconus after 40 years of age: a longitudinal comparative population-based study. Int Ophthalmol 40, 583–589 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01216-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01216-3

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