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The effects of cholesterol and statins on Parkinson’s neuropathology: a narrative review

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Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain characterized by motor symptoms including tremors, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. PD neuropathology is due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of Lewy bodies in the survival neurons. The brain contains a largest amount of cholesterol which is mainly synthesized from astrocytes and glial cells. Cholesterol is intricate in the pathogenesis of PD and may be beneficial or deleterious. Therefore, there are controversial points concerning the role of cholesterol in PD neuropathology. In addition, cholesterol-lowering agents' statins can affect brain cholesterol. Different studies highlighted that statins, via inhibition of brain HMG-CoA, can affect neuronal integrity through suppression of neuronal cholesterol, which regulates synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, statins affect the development and progression of different neurodegenerative diseases in bidirectional ways that could be beneficial or detrimental. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to clarify the double-sward effects of cholesterol and statins on PD neuropathology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq

    Hayder M. Al-kuraishy

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq

    Esraa H. Fahad

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Salah Al-Windy

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt

    Suzy A. El-Sherbeni & Walaa A. Negm

  5. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt

    Gaber El-Saber Batiha

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  1. Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
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Al-kuraishy, H.M., Fahad, E.H., Al-Windy, S. et al. The effects of cholesterol and statins on Parkinson’s neuropathology: a narrative review. Inflammopharmacol 32, 917–925 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01400-z

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