Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly referred to as a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. In this study, we scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of gypenoside against the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury (MI) in the rats.
Methods
Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follow: normal, gypenoside (10 mg/kg), ISO control, and ISO control treated with the gypenoside (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Various parameters were estimated such as infract size, hemodynamic, inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiac, cytokines, and apoptotic markers. We also estimated the gut microbiota in the faces of the experimental rats. Finally, heart tissue histopathology performed.
Result
Dose-dependent treatment of gypenoside significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the infracted size along with suppression of the heart weight and heart ratio along with enhance the body weight. Gypenoside treatment considerably altered the level of cardiac parameters, cardiac membrane stabilizing enzyme, hemodynamic parameters, antioxidant, lipid parameters, hepatic parameters, renal parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and mediators. Gypenoside significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the level of apoptotic markers such as caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9. Gypenoside significantly (P < 0.001) altered the relative abundance of unclassified bacteria, Tenericutes, Candidatus_Saccharibacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and suppressed the ratio of F/B.
Conclusion
Gypenoside acts as a protective phytoconstituents against the ISO-induced myocardial infraction in the rats via alteration of gut microbiota, inflammatory, and oxidative stress.
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Data availability
The data available can be provided upon a request to corresponding author.
Code availability
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XZ conceptualized and performed the study, YZ, XZ, JZ, JD, SJ, PF, and PX analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. GC conceptualized the research, analyzed the data and critically reviewed the whole manuscript. All the authors read the draft and approved the final version of manuscript.
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This research was approved by Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital animal ethical committee, Approved No. Ethical no. XJTUAE2023-138.
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Zhang, X., Zhao, Y., Zhao, X. et al. Anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective effect of gypenoside against isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling in rats via alteration of inflammation and gut microbiota. Inflammopharmacol 31, 2731–2750 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01307-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01307-9