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Effect of statins on the plasma/serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cardiovascular disease; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

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Abstract

Background

The anti-inflammatory properties of statins have been suggested by several researches. However, clinical trials have reported incongruous findings regarding the effect of statins on the levels of inflammatory markers other than high-sensitive C-reactive protein. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials were conducted to illuminate the effect of statins on serum levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM1, and IL-6 in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods

To find eligible studies, a systematic literature search of the main databases were conducted up to July 2021. The calculation of the effect sizes was conducted by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The pooled analyses revealed that statins significantly reduced the TNF-α concentration (SMD = − 0.99 pg/mL; 95% CI − 1.43 to − 0.55 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Regarding dosage, high intensity (SMD = − 0.65 pg/mL; 95% CI − 1.19 to − 0.10, P = 0.02) and moderate/low (SMD = − 1.16 pg/mL; 95% CI − 1.84 to − 0.47, P = 0.001) intensity statins significantly decreased TNF-α levels. Moderate/low intensity statins administration in < 10 weeks treatment duration decreased serum level of TNF-α (SMD =  − 0.91 pg/mL; 95% CI  − 1.38 to − 0.44, P < 0.001). Lipophilic statins with high intensity dosage significantly decreased level of TNF-α (SMD =  − 0.73 pg/mL; 95% CI − 1.43 to − 0.03, P = 0.04). Statins did not change serum levels of MCP-1, VCAM1, and IL-6 in CVD patients.

Conclusions

The analyses indicated that statins have beneficial effects in decreasing serum levels of TNF-α in patients with CVDs.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Mitra Abbasifard

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Mitra Abbasifard

  3. Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Tahmineh Kandelouei

  4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Aslani

  5. Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

    Bahman Razi

  6. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Av., 14117, Tehran, Iran

    Danyal Imani & Mahdieh Fasihi

  7. IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    F. G. Cicero

  8. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  9. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  10. Department of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  11. School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  12. Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  13. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

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  1. Mitra Abbasifard
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Abbasifard, M., Kandelouei, T., Aslani, S. et al. Effect of statins on the plasma/serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cardiovascular disease; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Inflammopharmacol 30, 369–383 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-00926-y

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