Abstract
Quantum dense coding properties between two identical and spatially separated atoms in free space with different initial states is investigated. It shows that dense coding capacity χ experienced a sharp decline firstly and then gradually increased to be one steady value 1 with increasing Γt. The realization of dense coding capacity χ is found to be strongly dependent on the initial states. It is worth noting that the initial pure state |ee〉 is not useful for dense coding in this system, due to the dense coding capacity χ is always less than 1(a valid dense coding capacity satisfies χ > 1). Otherwise, for the initial entangled state and mixed state, one can obtain the valid dense coding capacity, the results show that one threshold value of tc is exists, and when t < tc the dense coding capacity is valid. Tuning the atomic distance between the two atoms slightly broaden the valid dense coding region and improve the value of tc. Decreasing the purity a of initial states not only broaden the region but also prolong the effective time where one can carry out the valid dense coding successfully.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Belavkin, V., Hirota, O., Hudson, R.: Quantum Communications and Measurement (2009)
Hirota, O., Holevo, A.S., Caves, C.M.: Quantum Communication, Computing, and Measurement. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1997)
Kumar, P., D’ariano, G.M., Hirota, O.: Quantum Communication, Computing, and Measurement 2. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2001)
Bouwmeester, D., Ekert, A.k., Zeilinger, A.: The Physics of Quantum Information: Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Teleportation, Quantum Computation. Springer, Berlin (2000)
Alber, G., Beth, T., Horodecki, P., Horodecki, R., Horodecki, M., Weinfurther, H., Werner, R., Zeilinger, A.: Quantum Information. Springer, Berlin (2002)
Nielsen, M.A., Chuang, I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Bennett, C.H., Wiesner, S.J.: . Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2881 (1992)
Mattle, K., Weinfurter, H., Kwiat, P.G., Zeilinger, A.: . Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4656 (1996)
Xu, H.Y., Yang, G.H.: . Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56, 2803 (2017)
Bareno, A., Ekert, A.: . J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1253 (1995)
Zhao, X., Li, Y.Q., Cheng, L.Y., Yang, G.H.: . Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58, 493 (2019)
Braunstein, S.L., Kimble, H.J.: . Phys. Rev. A 61, 042302 (2000)
Bose, S., Plenio, M.B., Vedral, V.: J. Mod. Opt. 47, 291 (2000)
Holevo, A.S.: . Probl. Inf. Transm. 9(3), 177–183 (1973)
Holevo, A.S.: . Probl. Inf. Transm. 15(4), 247–253 (1979)
Holevo, A.S.: . IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44, 269 (1998)
Schumacher, B., Westmoreland, M.D.: . Phys. Rev. A 56, 131 (1997)
Plenio, M.B., et al.: . Phys. Rev. A 59, 2468 (1999)
Ficek, Z., Tanas, R.: . Phys. Rep. 372, 369 (2002)
Benatti, F., et al.: . Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 070402 (2003)
Kiffner, M., Evers, J., Keitel, C.H.: . Phys. Rev. A 75, 032313 (2007)
Agarwal, G.S., Patnaik, A.K.: . Phys. Rev. A 63, 043805 (2001)
Evers, J., Kiffner, M., Macovei, M., Keitel, C.H.: . Phys. Rev. A 73, 023804 (2006)
Macovei, M., Ficek, Z., Keitel, C.H.: . Phys. Rev. A 73, 063821 (2006)
Mandel, L., Wolf, E.: Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge (1995)
Ficek, Z., Swain, S.: Quantum Interference and Coherence. Springer, New York (2005)
Agarwal, G.S.: Quantum statistical theories of spontaneous emission and their relation to other approaches. In: Spring Tracts in Modern Physics: Quantum Optics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1974)
Yu, T., Eberly, J.H.: . Quantum Inf. Comput. 7, 459 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, YQ., Li, X., Jia, XF. et al. Quantum Dense Coding Properties Between Two Spatially Separated Atoms in Free Space. Int J Theor Phys 59, 3378–3386 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04594-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04594-y