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Design Guideline for New Generation of High-Temperature Guarded Hot Plate

  • TEMPMEKO 2016
  • Published:
International Journal of Thermophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper complements the existing measurement standards and literature for high-temperature guarded hot plates (HTGHPs) by addressing specific issues relating to thermal conductivity measurement of technical insulation at high temperatures. The examples given are focused on the designs of HTGHPs for measuring thin thermal insulation. The sensitivity studies have been carried out on major influencing factors that affect the thermal conductivity measurements using HTGHPs, e.g., the uncertainty of temperature measurements, plate flatness and center-guard gap design and imbalance. A new configuration of center-guard gap with triangular shape cross section has been optimized to obtain the same thermal resistance as a 2 mm wide gap with rectangular shape cross section that has been used in the HTGHPs at NPL and LNE. Recommendations have been made on the selections of heater plate materials, high-temperature high-emissivity coatings and miniature temperature sensors. For the first time, thermal stress analysis method has been applied to the field of HTGHPs, in order to estimate the effect of differential thermal expansion on the flatness of thin rigid specimens during thermal conductivity tests in a GHP.

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Note: (b) is a close-up view of (a)

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Abbreviations

\(A(t_{h})\) :

Metering area of the heater plate at temperature \(t_{h} \,(\hbox {m}^{2})\)

\(c_{{t{\mathrm{h}}-t{\mathrm{c}}}}\) :

Sensitivity coefficient representing the effect of temperature difference measurement

\(d(t_{m})\) :

Specimen thickness at the mean specimen temperature \(t_{m}\) (m)

\(d_{spec}\) :

Thickness of the specimens (m)

l :

Thickness of the air gaps (m)

Q :

Power supplied to the central heater of heater plate (W)

\(R_{gap,H} \) :

Thermal resistance of the approximated uniform air gap between the hot surface of the specimen and the surface of the hot plate \((\hbox {m}^{2}\cdot \hbox {K}\cdot \hbox {W}^{-1})\)

\(R_{gap,C} \) :

Thermal resistance of the approximated uniform air gap between the cold surface of the specimen and the surface of the (heated) cold plate \((\hbox {m}^{2} \cdot \, \hbox {K}\cdot \hbox {W}^{-1})\)

\(R_{spec} \) :

Thermal resistance of the specimen \( (\hbox {m}^{2}\cdot \hbox {K}\cdot \hbox {W}^{-1})\)

\(t_{h}\) :

Mean temperature of the specimen hot face (\({^{\circ }}\hbox {C}\))

\(t_{c}\) :

Mean temperature of the specimen cold face (\({^{\circ }}\hbox {C}\))

\(t_{m}\) :

Mean specimen temperature (\({^{\circ }}\hbox {C}\))

\(\Delta t\) :

Temperature difference between (heated) cold plate and hot plate (K)

u :

Measurement uncertainty

\(\varepsilon _r \) :

Inter-surface emittance for parallel surfaces

\(\varepsilon _1 \) :

Surface emissivity of the plate

\(\varepsilon _2 \) :

Surface emissivity of the plate

\(\phi \) :

Uniform heat flux, transferred from the surface of the hot plate to the surface of the cold plate \((\hbox {W}\cdot \hbox {m}^{-2})\)

\(\lambda \) :

Thermal conductivity of the specimen(s) \((\hbox {W}\cdot \hbox {m}^{-1}\cdot \hbox {K}^{-1})\)

\(\Delta \lambda _{rel}\) :

Relative error in thermal conductivity \((\hbox {W}\cdot \hbox {m}^{-1}\cdot \hbox {K}^{-1})\)

\(\sigma \) :

Stefan–Boltzmann constant \((\hbox {W}\cdot \hbox {m}^{-2}\cdot \hbox {K}^{-4})\)

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded through the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) Project SIB 52 ‘Thermo’—Metrology for Thermal Protection Materials. The EMRP project is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK

    J. Wu

  2. Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais, Paris, France

    J. Hameury & G. Failleau

  3. Český Metrologický Institut, Brno, Czech Republic

    A. Blahut, T. Vachova & R. Strnad

  4. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany

    M. Krause, E. Rafeld & U. Hammerschmidt

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  1. J. Wu
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  2. J. Hameury
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  3. G. Failleau
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  4. A. Blahut
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  5. T. Vachova
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  6. R. Strnad
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  7. M. Krause
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  8. E. Rafeld
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  9. U. Hammerschmidt
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Correspondence to J. Wu.

Additional information

Selected Papers of the 13th International Symposium on Temperature, Humidity, Moisture and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science.

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Wu, J., Hameury, J., Failleau, G. et al. Design Guideline for New Generation of High-Temperature Guarded Hot Plate. Int J Thermophys 39, 23 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-017-2344-1

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