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Responses of submerged macrophytes and periphyton to warming under two nitrogen scenarios: A microcosm study

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Abstract

Warming and higher nitrogen loading induced by increasing precipitation are expected scenarios in north temperate regions as consequence of global climate change, with potential effects on the functional traits of submerged macrophytes and periphyton. Using an experimental heating facility we investigated the responses of three-week growth of two submerged macrophytes (Potamogeton crispus Linn. and Elodea canadensis Michx.), and periphyton on these plants and their artificial mimics. Analysis was based on IPCC climate scenarios A2 (ca. + 3°C) and A2 + 50% (called A3 in our study) relative to ambient conditions, across warming in spring and early summer (summer showed higher nitrogen loading). Some functional traits of plants showed species-specific responses to warming: A3 promoted the growth of E. canadensis in both seasons, while for P. crispus warming reduced the leaf number in spring but enhanced the turion production in early summer. Periphyton biomass was lower in A3 in early summer, but not in spring. Our results further show that the growth of E. canadensis and the asexual reproduction of P. crispus might increase in a warmer future. Moreover, we found a complex response of periphyton to the temperature increase and substrate type, varying with season and nutrient state.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Anne Mette Poulsen for valuable editorial comments.

Funding

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670368 and 31870345). E.J. was supported by the TÜBITAK BIDEB 2232 program (Project 118C250).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Yang Liu, Wei Li & Juan Pablo Pacheco

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yang Liu, Wei Li, Juan Pablo Pacheco & Yu Cao

  3. CURE - University of the Republic, 20000, Maldonado, Uruguay

    Celina Aznarez & Yu Cao

  4. Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940, Leioa, Spain

    Celina Aznarez

  5. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Erik Jeppesen, Eti E. Levi & Yu Cao

  6. Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, 100049, China

    Erik Jeppesen & Yu Cao

  7. Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Erik Jeppesen

  8. Institute of Marine Science, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey

    Erik Jeppesen

  9. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210000, China

    Hu He

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  1. Yang Liu
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Contributions

Experimental design: E.J., Y.C. and J.P.; research activities: Y.L., J.P., C.A., E.L. and Y.C.; writing—original draft preparation: Y.C. and Y.L.; writing—review and editing: E.J., H.H. and W.L.

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Liu, Y., Aznarez, C., Jeppesen, E. et al. Responses of submerged macrophytes and periphyton to warming under two nitrogen scenarios: A microcosm study. Hydrobiologia 848, 1333–1346 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04530-z

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