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Scale-dependent patterns of fish faunal homogenization in Neotropical reservoirs

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Abstract

The conservation challenges facing freshwater ecosystems necessitate broadening our science from understanding individual species loss to anticipating multi-faceted changes to biodiversity. In recent decades, the process of biotic homogenization by which regional biotas become more similar through time has attracted considerable attention. Here, we (1) quantified spatial and temporal changes in taxonomic and functional similarity of fish assemblages among Neotropical reservoirs, (2) determined nonnative species contributions to changes in taxonomic and functional composition, and (3) evaluated relationships between the changes in taxonomic and functional similarity among reservoirs. We did so by considering different spatial scales: inter- and intra-ecoregions. At inter-ecoregion scale, reservoir fish assemblages have become taxonomically homogenized over time, whereas functional trait composition has tended to differentiate. At intra-ecoregion scale, we detected both taxonomic and functional differentiation over time. Despite these overall trends, different ecoregions exhibited considerable variation in patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation. We found a moderate positive relationship between changes in mean taxonomic and functional similarity among reservoirs at inter-ecoregion scale, which was no longer evident within ecoregions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the strong scale-dependence of perceived patterns in homogenization, and further highlights the magnitude of threats to freshwater biodiversity in the Neotropical ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Environmental Engineer, Victor Yamagami Takahashi, for their assistance and contribution on the final version of the manuscript. We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for helping suggestions that improved the final paper. This study was financed in part by the Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement - Finance Code 001. The authors are grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-Brazil) for the continuous research productivity grants provided to JRSV (PQ Process Numbers: 302367/2018-7 and 303776/2015-3), ÉAG (PQ Process Number: 308578/2017-1), AAP (PQ Process Numbers: 301867/2018-6 and 402828/2016-0), and for support provided to VSD (Process Number: 167382/2017-9).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Vanessa S. Daga & Jean R. S. Vitule

  2. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Julian D. Olden

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil

    Éder A. Gubiani & Pitágoras A. Piana

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil

    Éder A. Gubiani & Pitágoras A. Piana

  5. Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia (Gerpel), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil

    Éder A. Gubiani & Pitágoras A. Piana

  6. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Paraná, Brazil

    André A. Padial & Jean R. S. Vitule

  7. Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    André A. Padial

Authors
  1. Vanessa S. Daga
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  2. Julian D. Olden
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  3. Éder A. Gubiani
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  4. Pitágoras A. Piana
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  5. André A. Padial
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  6. Jean R. S. Vitule
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vanessa S. Daga.

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Guest editors: André A. Padial, Julian D. Olden & Jean R. S. Vitule / The Aquatic Homogenocene

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Daga, V.S., Olden, J.D., Gubiani, É.A. et al. Scale-dependent patterns of fish faunal homogenization in Neotropical reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 847, 3759–3772 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04145-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04145-5

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