Abstract
Submerged macrophytes improve water quality in shallow coastal lagoons but eutrophication often resulted in a degradation of macrophytes. Management measures that protect and restore macrophyte stands require knowledge on what limits macrophyte distribution. Information on macrophyte production and distribution in the Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain (southern Baltic Sea) is lacking since an almost complete loss of submerged vegetation in the 1980s. Nutrient input was reduced in the 1990s and macrophytes seem to recover, although turbidity is high and light conditions are still poor. However, this recovery raised hope that returning macrophytes could stabilize sediments and improve water clarity. In this study, seasonal changes in photosynthesis–irradiance curves of selected macrophyte species were used to calculate potential primary production in different depths and turbidity situations. Bathymetry of the area is then used to assess depth distribution and vegetated area. Since the so-calculated depth limits correspond well with the actual depth distribution in the field, macrophyte depth distribution is concluded to be mostly determined by light conditions. Most macrophytes grow in very shallow areas up to 50 cm depth where also 70% of potential primary production takes place. Present light conditions do not support a further expansion of macrophyte distribution in the DZBC.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Badiou, P. H. J. & L. G. Goldsborough, 2015. Ecological impacts of an exotic benthivorous fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), on water quality, sedimentation, and submerged macrophyte biomass in wetland mesocosms. Hydrobiologia 755: 107–121.
Behrens, J., 1982. Soziologische und produktionsbiologische Untersuchungen an den submersen Pflanzengesellschaften der Darß-Zingster Boddengewässer. Thesis, University of Rostock.
Blümel, C., A. Domin, J. Krause, M. Schubert, U. Schiewer & H. Schubert, 2002. Der historische Makrophytenbewuchs der inneren Gewässer der deutschen Ostseeküste. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge 10: 5–111.
Dahlgren, S. & L. Kautsky, 2004. Can different vegetative states in shallow coastal bays of the Baltic Sea be linked to internal nutrient levels and external nutrient load? Hydrobiologia 514: 249–258.
Domin, A., H. Schubert, J. C. Krause & U. Schiewer, 2004. Modelling of pristine depth limits for macrophyte growth in the southern Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia 514: 29–39.
Eggert, A., S. Ihnken, U. Selig, U. Karsten & H. Schubert, 2006. Distribution of three submersed macrophytes in coastal lagoons of the German Baltic Sea: comparison of laboratory and field data. Botanica Marina 49: 386–395.
Festerling, E., 1973. Ökologische und produktionsbiologische Untersuchungen am Phytobenthos der Darßer Boddengewässer. Thesis, University of Rostock.
Forster, S. & F. Bitschofsky, 2015. Different reasons for low pore water phosphate concentrations observed at a shallow brackish site in a German Baltic Sea lagoon. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge 25: 119–131.
Jeppesen, E., 1998. The Ecology of Shallow Lakes. NERI Technical Report No. 247 Silkeborg, Danmark, 420p.
Küster, A., R. Schaible & H. Schubert, 2004. Light acclimation of photosynthesis in three charophyte species. Aquatic Botany 79: 111–204.
Lamers, L. P. M., L. L. Govers, I. I. C. J. M. Janssen, J. J. M. Geurts, M. E. W. Van der Welle, M. M. Van Katwijk, T. Van der Heide, J. G. M. Roelofs & A. J. P. Smolders, 2013. Sulfide as a soil phytotoxin-a review. Frontiers in Plant Science 4: 268.
Lampert, W. & U. Sommer, 1999. Limnoökologie. Thieme, Stuttgart.
Lindner, A., 1972. Soziologisch-ökologische Untersuchungen an der submersen Vegetation in der Boddenkette südlich des Darß und des Zingst. Thesis, University of Rostock.
Luft, P., 2012. Attenuation und spektrales Unterwasserlichtklima im Gradienten der Darß-Zingster Boddenkette. Bachelor Thesis, University of Rostock.
LUNG, 2013. Zur Entwicklung und zum Stand der Nährstoffbelastung der Küstengewässer Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns. Berichte zur Gewässergüte, herausgegeben vom Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (LUNG). Güstrow.
McGlathery, K., K. Sundbäck & I. Anderson, 2007. Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348: 1–18.
Menendez, M. & A. Sanchez, 1998. Seasonal variations in P-I responses of Chara hispida L. and Potamogeton pectinatus L. from stream mediterranean ponds. Aquatic Botany 61: 1–15.
Middelboe, A. L. & S. Markager, 1997. Depth limits and minimum light requirements of freshwater macrophytes. Freshwater Biology 37: 553–568.
Munkes, B., 2005. Eutrophication, phase shift, the delay and the potential return in the Greifswalder Bodden, Baltic Sea. Aquatic Sciences 67: 372–381.
Pehlke, C., U. Selig & H. Schubert, 2008. Verbreitung und Ökophysiologie von Fucus -Beständen der Mecklenburger Bucht (südliche Ostseeküste). Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge 20: 123–142.
Porra, R. J., W. A. Thompson & P. E. Kriedemann, 1989. Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 975: 384–394.
Porsche, C., H. Schubert & U. Selig, 2008. Rezente Verbreitung submerser Makrophyten in den inneren Küstengewässern der deutschen Ostseeküste. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge 20: 109–122.
Sandsten, H., M. Beklioglu & Ö. Ince, 2005. Effects of waterfowl, large fish and periphyton on the spring growth of Potamogeton pectinatus L. in Lake Mogan. Turkey. Hydrobiologia 537: 239–248.
Scheffer, M., S. Carpenter, J. A. Foley, C. Folke & B. Walker, 2001. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413: 591–596.
Schiewer, U., 1998. 30 years’ eutrophication in shallow brackish waters – lessons to be learned. Hydrobiologia 363: 73–79.
Schiewer, U., 2008. Darß-Zingst Boddens, Northern Rügener Boddens and Schlei. In Schiewer, U. (ed.), Ecology of Baltic Coastal Waters. Springer, Berlin: 35–86.
Schlungbaum, G. & H. Baudler, 2001. Wasserhaushalt und Salzgehaltsverhältnisse in den Bodden – ein Vergleich mit anderen Küstengewässern. Meer und Museum 16: 17–24.
Schories, D., U. Selig, & H. Schubert, 2005. Testung des Klassifizierungsansatzes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (innere Küstengewässer) unter den Bedingungen Schleswig-Holsteins und Ausdehnung des Ansatzes auf die Außenküste. LAWA Project Report.
Schubert, H., C. Blümel, A. Eggert, T. Rieling, M. Schubert, & U. Selig, 2003. Entwicklung von leitbildorientierten Bewertungsgrundlagen für innere Küstengewässer der deutschen Ostseeküste nach der EU-WRRL. BMBF Project Report FKZ 0330014.
Schumann, R. & U. Karsten, 2006. Phytoplankton im Zingster Strom der Darß-Zingster Boddenkette – 13 Jahre Remesotrophierung. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge 16: 47–59.
Selig, U., H. Baudler, M. Krech & G. Nausch, 2006. Nutrient accumulation and nutrient retention in coastal waters – 30 years investigation in the Darss-Zingst Bodden chain. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 34: 9–19.
Selig, U., A. Eggert, D. Schories, M. Schubert, C. Blümel & H. Schubert, 2007. Ecological classification of macroalgae and angiosperm communities of inner coastal waters in the southern Baltic Sea. Ecological Indicators 7: 665–678.
Teubner, J., 1989. Quantitative und qualitative Erfassung submerser Makrophyten 1986/1987 – Luftbildanalyse. Diploma Thesis, University of Rostock.
van den Berg, M. S., H. Coops, J. Simons & A. De Keizer, 1998. Competition between Chara aspera and Potamogeton pectinatus as a function of temperature and light. Aquatic Botany 60: 241–250.
van den Berg, M. S., H. Coops, J. Simons & J. Pilon, 2002. A comparative study of the use of inorganic carbon resources by Chara aspera and Potamogeton pectinatus. Aquatic Botany 72: 219–233.
Viaroli, P., M. Bartoli, G. Giordani, M. Naldi, S. Orfanidis & J. M. Zaldivar, 2008. Community shifts, alternative stable states, biogeochemical controls and feedbacks in eutrophic coastal lagoons: a brief overview. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 105–117.
Vietinghoff, U., 1982. Die mathematische Modellierung des Ökosystems Barther Bodden als Beitrag zur Ökosystemanalyse der Boddenkette West. Dissertation, University of Rostock.
Walsby, A. E., 1997. Numerical integration of phytoplankton photosynthesis through time and depth in a water column. New Phytologist 136: 189–209.
Winkler, H. M., 2004. Fischgemeinschaften in der Darß-Zingster Boddenkette, fischbiologische Arbeiten – ein kurzer Rückblick. Rostocker Meeresbiologische Beiträge 13: 253–260.
Wolfstein, K. & P. Hartig, 1998. The photosynthetic light dispensation system: application to microphytobenthic primary production measurements. Marine Ecology Progress Series 166: 63–71.
Yousef, M. A. M. & H. Schubert, 2001. Assessment of the occurrence of Charophytes in shallow coastal waters of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Schriftenreihe für Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz 72: 9–16.
Zimmerman, R. C., A. Cabello-Pasini & R. S. Alberte, 1994. Modelling daily production of aquatic macrophytes from irradiance measurements: a comparative analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 114: 185–196.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Irmgard Blindow, Stefanie Nolte, Hendrik Schubert, and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on the manuscript. Marion Kruse kindly provided the map of the study site. I am also grateful for funding by the “Forschungsstiftung Ostsee” (04/2014) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 03F0665 A).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handling editor: Pierluigi Viaroli
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Piepho, M. Assessing maximum depth distribution, vegetated area, and production of submerged macrophytes in shallow, turbid coastal lagoons of the southern Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia 794, 303–316 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3107-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3107-5