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The roles of environmental conditions and geographical distances on the species turnover of the whole phytoplankton and zooplankton communities and their subsets in tropical reservoirs

  • PHYTOPLANKTON & SPATIAL GRADIENTS
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Abstract

Understanding the patterns of biological diversity between different regions (beta diversity) and how diversity is generated and maintained is a central goal in ecology. The relative roles of niche differentiation and geographical distances in shaping the phytoplankton and zooplankton structures are not yet fully determined, especially considering the subsets of species that share particular traits. We evaluated whether dissimilarity in phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages depends on environmental distances and geographical distances on the whole communities and for subsets. We sampled eight hydroelectric reservoirs over a large scale (1500 km) in central Brazil, during three climatological periods. Phytoplankton composition was correlated with niche differentiation; that is, environmental similarity would account for assemblage similarity, due to the high dispersal abilities and low turnover rates of these organisms. For zooplankton, geographical distances were more important, which resulted in a stronger spatial structure with a greater dispersal limitation. For phytoplankton, the Morphologically Based Functional Group formed by diatoms, and for zooplankton, the three major taxonomic groups appeared as spatially structured. Therefore, phytoplankton composition was mostly correlated to niche differentiation and zooplankton to geographical distances; the communities deconstructed into subsets of species with similar traits refined the responses of the community structures.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Fabio Roland for the opportunity to participate in the project Carbon Balance in FURNAS Hydroelectric Reservoirs, to Luciana S. Costa and João C. Nabout for their constructive comments, to Priscila Rosa for zooplankton counting, to Dr. Janet W. Reid (JWR Associates) for revising the English text, and to FURNAS Centrais Elétricas S. A. for providing the daily hydrological and meteorological data. This study was financed by FURNAS Centrais Elétricas S.A. JBOS and VLHM were partially supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grants 309700/2013-2, 141650/2010-9, respectively).

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  1. Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil

    Juliana B. O. Santos, Lúcia H. S. Silva & Vera L. M. Huszar

  2. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 2229-240, Brazil

    Christina W. C. Branco

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  1. Juliana B. O. Santos
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  2. Lúcia H. S. Silva
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Correspondence to Juliana B. O. Santos.

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Guest editors: Luigi Naselli-Flores & Judit Padisák / Biogeography and Spatial Patterns of Biodiversity of Freshwater Phytoplankton

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Santos, J.B.O., Silva, L.H.S., Branco, C.W.C. et al. The roles of environmental conditions and geographical distances on the species turnover of the whole phytoplankton and zooplankton communities and their subsets in tropical reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 764, 171–186 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2296-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2296-z

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