Abstract
Taxus cuspidata S. et Z is a perennial tree with significant economic and medicinal values. T. cuspidata propagation using cuttings is one of the most efficient approaches to solve its propagation material production on a larger scale. Its adventitious roots play a crucial role in the hardwood cutting propagation. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in T. cuspidata adventitious root development and thus improve the effectiveness of propagation techniques, we investigated the optimal exogenous hormone applications that can rapidly induce adventitious roots in T. cuspidata hardwood cuttings. The best rooting responses were observed in cuttings treated with indole butyric acid (IBA). Moreover, biochemical and molecular profiling analyses of cuttings treated with different IBA concentrations were carried out. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities consistently increased with IBA concentration increase, except for a decrease observed at IBA150. Indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and ethylene concentrations were significantly higher in all IBA-treated samples compared with the control group. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed thousands of differentially expressed genes among the four samples (IBA0, IBA50, IBA100, and IBA150) evaluated. Most differentially expressed genes were assigned to phytohormone signaling pathways and sugar metabolism. The AP2/ERF, bHLH, and MYB transcription factor families and genes involved in root development and cell division were also overrepresented during adventitious root formation. This study provides insights into establishing improved asexual propagation protocols and elucidating into the molecular mechanisms underlying root development in T. cuspidata hardwood cuttings.
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Data availability
RNA-Seq raw data from four samples were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the accession number PRJNA797697.
Abbreviations
- ARs:
-
Adventitious roots
- NAA:
-
Naphthalene acetic acid
- IAA:
-
Indole acetic acid
- CK:
-
Cytokinins
- GA:
-
Gibberellic acid
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- ETH:
-
Ethylene
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- IAAO:
-
Indoleacetic acid oxidase
- PPO:
-
Polyphenol oxidase
- KEGG:
-
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- TFs:
-
Transcription factors
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to the members of the State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding for their assistance during laboratory work and for fruitful discussions, and we thank Bullet Edits Limited for the linguistic editing and proofreading of the manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Jilin Agricultural University (No. 2021002) and the Demonstration and Promotion Project of Selection Breeding and Efficient Cultivation Technology for Taxus cuspidata (GA19B201-4).
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KWC was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. DDZ and XL drafted the manuscript and substantially revised it. QHZ, LPJ, YXL, RXS and SQS analyzed the data and made the figures. RXG, RH and XQH participated in RNA extraction and performed qRT-PCR assay. XDZ participated in the revision of the manuscript. XNP and XYZ conceived of the study, participated in its design and data interpretation, and revised the manuscript critically. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Cai, K., Zhang, D., Li, X. et al. Exogenous phytohormone application and transcriptome analysis provides insights for adventitious root formation in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. Plant Growth Regul 100, 33–53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00934-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00934-6