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Compositional analysis of the glycosaminoglycan family in velvet antlers of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) at different growing stages

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Abstract

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) from the velvet antlers of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) at the different growing stages (Fukurozuno, Anshi, and Santajo) of bred and wild deer were isolated and their concentrations and sulfation patterns were analyzed. GAG were digested with chondroitinase ABC, ACI, heparinase-I and -III, and keratanase-II into the corresponding repeating disaccharides of chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), hyaluronan, heparan sulfate (HS), and keratan sulfate. Cartilaginous tissues contained CS-DS at high concentrations with an almost equal ratio of 4- and 6-sulfates, while 4-sulfate-type CS-DS predominantly occupied ossified tissues, but at low concentrations. High O- and N-sulfation degrees of HS correspond to high ossification. Dynamic quantitative changes in CS-DS and compositional changes in CS-DS and HS were closely associated with the mineralization of deer antlers.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mr. Tsuyoshi Kawato for the kind gift of wild velvet antlers. We also thank Amano Enzyme Inc. (Nagoya, Japan) for kindly gifting PROTIN NY100. The authors thank Dr. Kenji Uchimura (UMR8576-CNRS, University of Lille), Ms. Kwon-Jung Yi (Konkuk University), Mr. Takamu Fujii, Ms. Yukino Ito (Meijo University), Mr. Yuga Inoue, Ms. Asumi Uemura, Mr. Daiki Sugita, Ms. Yuna Uemura, Ms. Yuka Omura, Ms. Akari Tani, and Ms. Marin Mitani (Tottori University) for their helpful assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8551, Japan

    Naoko Takeda-Okuda & Jun-ichi Tamura

  2. Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan

    Shuji Mizumoto & Shuhei Yamada

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan

    Zui Zhang & Kenji Kadomatsu

  4. Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    Soo-Ki Kim & Chi-Ho Lee

  5. Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea

    Byong-Tae Jeon

  6. Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan

    Yoshinao Z. Hosaka

Authors
  1. Naoko Takeda-Okuda
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  2. Shuji Mizumoto
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  3. Zui Zhang
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  4. Soo-Ki Kim
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  5. Chi-Ho Lee
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  6. Byong-Tae Jeon
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  7. Yoshinao Z. Hosaka
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  8. Kenji Kadomatsu
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  9. Shuhei Yamada
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  10. Jun-ichi Tamura
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Contributions

N.T.-O. performed the preparation of glycans and analyzed CS/DS and HA. S.M. and S.Y. performed HS analyses. Z.Z. and K.K. performed KS analyses. S.-K.K., C.-H.L., and B.-T.J. collected deer antlers. Y.Z.H. performed histological examinations. J.T. designed the study and wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun-ichi Tamura.

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Takeda-Okuda, N., Mizumoto, S., Zhang, Z. et al. Compositional analysis of the glycosaminoglycan family in velvet antlers of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) at different growing stages. Glycoconj J 36, 127–139 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-019-09859-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-019-09859-1

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