Methods of laser micro- and nano-modification of the structure of transparent dielectrics offer much for the creation of a new type of glass-crystalline materials and new applications. In the present work, after a brief excursion into the history of glass-ceramics, transparent aluminosilicate sitalls [glass-ceramics] are discussed, mainly for the example of the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system, and the areas of their new applications. The recently discovered possibilities of laser micro-modification of the structure of sitalls and the writing of elements of photonics and integrated optics in their interior volume are considered. Special attention is given to transparent glass-ceramics with thermal expansion coefficient close to zero.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. D. Stookey, “Catalyzed crystallization of glass in theory and practice,” Ind. Eng. Chem., 51(7), 805 – 808 (1959).
G. H. Beall, “Dr. S. Donald (Don) Stookey (1915 – 2014): pioneering researcher and adventurer,” Front. in Mater., 3, 37 (2016).
A. M. Smoletovskii, I. I. Kitaigorodskii and His Works in the Field of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Glass, Ceramics, and Sitalls [in Russian], Basalt Technologies, Perm (2005).
N. M. Pavlushkin, Fundamentals of Sitall Technology: Textbook. Manual for Universities [in Russian], Stroiizdat, Moscow (1979).
W. Holand and G. H. Beall, Glass-Ceramic Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey (2019).
G. H. Beall, “Design and properties of glass-ceramics,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 22(1), 91 – 119 (1992).
E. A Zanotto, “Bbright future for glass-ceramics,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 89, 19 – 27 (2010).
V. N. Sigaev, “Structure of oxide glasses and formation of polar glass-ceramics textures,” Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 24(4), 429 – 444 (1998).
V. N. Sigaev, P. Pernice, A. Aronne, et al., “Crystallization of KTiOPO4 phase from potassium titanium phosphate glasses, producing second harmonic generation,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 292(1 – 3), 59 – 69 (2001).
V. N. Sigaev, S. Y. Stefanovich, B. Champagnon, et al. “Amorphous nanostructuring in potassium niobium silicate glasses by SANS and SHG: A new mechanism for second-order optical non-linearity of glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 306(3), 238 – 248 (2002).
H. Bach, D. Krause (eds.), Low Thermal Expansion Glass-Ceramics, Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin (2005), pp. 121 – 235.
X. Liu, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, et al., “Transparent glass-ceramics functionalized by dispersed crystals,” Prog. Mater. Sci., 97, 38 – 96 (2018).
J. Deubener,M. Allix, M. J. Davis, et al., “Updated definition of glass-ceramics,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 501, 3 – 10 (2018).
R. Müller and S. Reinsch, “Viscous-phase silicate processing,” Ceram. Composites Process. Methods, 3, 75 – 144 (2012).
P. Hartmann, R. Jedamzik, A. Square, et al., “ZERODUR® ceramic glass: Even closer to zero thermal expansion: a Review, Part 1,” JATIS, 7(2), 020901 (2021).
P. Hartmann, R. Jedamzik, A. Square, et al., “ZERODUR® glass-ceramic: Even closer to zero thermal expansion: a Review, Part 2,” JATIS, 7(2), 020902 (2021).
G. J. Gardopee, R. E. Newnham, A. G. Halliyal, et al., “Pyroelectric glass-ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 36, 817 – 818 (1980).
V. N. Sigaev, E. V. Lopatina, P. D. Sarkisov, et al., “Grain-oriented surface crystallization of lanthanum borosilicate and lan thanum borogermanate glasses,” MSEB, 48(3), 254 – 260 (1997).
V. N. Sigaev, P. D. Sarkisov, S. Yu. Stefanovich, et al., “Glass-ceramic textures based on new ferroelectric complex oxides,” Ferroelectrics, 233(3 – 4), 165 – 185 (1999).
T. Komatsu, “Design and control of crystallization in oxide glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 428, 156 – 175 (2015).
T. Honma, K. Maeda, S. Nakane, et al. “Unique properties and potential of glass-ceramics,” J. Ceram. Soc. Japan, 130(8), 545 – 551 (2022).
Y. Yu, Z. Fang, C. Ma, et al., “Mesoscale engineering of photonic glass for tunable luminescence,” NPG Asia Mater., 8(10), 318 (2016).
V. M. Mashinsky, N. M. Karatun, V. A. Bogatyrev, et al., “Microfluorescence analysis of nanostructuring inhomogeneity in optical fibers with embedded gallium oxide nanocrystals,” Microsc. Microanal., 18(2), 259 – 265 (2012).
A. S. Grabtchikov, I. A. Khodasevich, N. V. Golubev, et al., “Optical amplification in Ni2+-doped gallium germanosilicate glass-ceramics,” Opt. Commun., 491, 126955 (2021).
Z. Fang, S. Zheng, W. Peng, et al., “Fabrication and characterization of glass-ceramic fiber-containing Cr3+-doped ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals,” J. Am. Ceram., 98(9), 2772 – 2775 (2015).
N. Karpukhina, R. G. Hill, and R. V. Law, “Crystallization in oxide glasses — a tutorial review,” Chem. Soc. Rev. Fr., 43(7), 2174 – 2186 (2014).
V. M. Fokin, E. D. Zanotto, N. S. Uritsyn, et al, “Homogeneous crystal nucleation in silicate glasses: a 40-year perspective,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 352(26 – 27), 2681 – 2714 (2006).
F. Suzuki, K. Ogawa, T. Honma, et al. “Laser patterning and preferential orientation of two-dimensional planar β-BaB2O4 crystals on the glass surface,” J. Solid State Chem., 185, 130 – 135 (2012).
T. Honma and T. Komatsu, “Patterning of two-dimensional planar lithium niobate architectures on glass surface by laser scanning,” Opt. Express, 18(8), 8019 – 8024 (2010).
V. N. Sigaev, Å. À. Alieva, S. V. Lotarev, et al., “Local crystallization of La2O3–B2O3–GeO2 glass under the action of laser radiation,” Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 35(1), 14 – 23 (2009).
A. S. Lipatiev, T. O. Lipateva, S. V. Lotarev, et al., “Direct laser writing of LaBGeO5 crystal-in-glass waveguide enabling frequency conversion,” Cryst. Growth Des., 17(9), 4670 – 4675 (2017).
D. Tan, B. Zhang, and J. Qiu, “Ultrafast laser direct writing in glass: thermal accumulation engineering and applications,” Laser Photonics Rev., 15(9), 2000455 (2021).
T. Komatsu and T. Honma, “Laser patterning and growth mechanism of orientation designed crystals in oxide glasses: A review,” J. Solid State Chem., 275, 210 – 222 (2019).
S. D. McAnany, K. J. Veenhuizen, A. M. Kiss, et al., “Evolution of glass structure during femtosecond laser assisted crystallization of LaBGeO5 in glass,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 551, 120396 (2021).
A. Lipatiev, S. Fedotov, S. Lotarev, et al., “Direct laser writing of depressed-cladding waveguides in extremely low expansion lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics,” Opt. Laser Technol., 138, 106846 (2021).
J. Guan, “Femtosecond laser-written integrated photonics in bulk glass-ceramics Zerodur,” Ceram., 47(7), 10189 – 10192 (2021).
P. H. D. Ferreira, D. C. N. Fabris, M. V. Boas, et al. “Transparent glass-ceramic waveguides made by femtosecond laser writing,” Opt. Laser Technol., 136, 106742 (2021).
V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, et al., “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys., 97(8), 083102 (2005).
A. S. Naumov, S. V. Lotarev, A. S. Lipat’ev, et al., Pat. RF 2781465, C1 MPC G02/B 6/10, Method of Laser Writing Integral Waveguides [in Russian], published 10/12/2022.
L. Orlova, A. Chainikova, L. Alekseeva, et al., “Recent advances in radio transparent glass-ceramic materials based on high-temperature aluminosilicate systems,” Rus. J. Inorg. Chem., 60(13), 1692 – 1707 (2015).
N. Beverini, A. Di Virgilio, J. Belfi, et al., “High-accuracy ring laser gyroscopes: Earth rotation rate and relativistic effects,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 723, 012061 (2016).
A. G. Kuznetsov, A. V. Molchanov,M. V. Chirkin, et al. “Precise laser gyroscope for autonomous inertial navigation,” Quantum Elec., 45, 78 (2015).
Yu. D. Golyaev, N. R. Zapotyl’ko, A. A. Nedzvetskaya, et al. “Thermally stable optical cavities for Zeeman laser gyroscopes,” Opt. Spectrosc., 113(2), 227 – 229 (2012).
E. Manske, T. Fröhlich, R. Füßl, et al., “Progress of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines for cross-scale measurement with sub-nanometer precision,” Meas. Sci. and Technol., 31, 085005 (2020).
I. Mitra, “ZERODUR: a glass-ceramic material enabling optical technologies,” Opt. Mater. Express, 2, 3563 – 3576 (2022).
T. Liu, C. Li, Q. Huang, et al., “Characterization of the structure and properties of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–B2O3–Cr2O3 glass-ceramics,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 543, 120154 (2020).
I. Denry and J. A. Holloway, “Ceramics for dental applications: a review,” Mater., 3(1), 351 – 368 (2010).
T. Kokubo, “Bioactive glass-ceramics: properties and applications,” Biomater., 12(2), 155 – 163 (1991).
M. Montazerian and E. D. Zanotto, “History and trends of bioactive glass-ceramics,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A., 104(5), 1231 – 1249 (2016).
S. B. Sohn, S. Y. Choi, and Y. K. Lee, “Controlled crystallization and characterization of cordierite glass-ceramics for magnetic memory disk substrate,” J. Mater. Sci., 35, 4815 – 4821 (2000).
T. Benitez, S. Y. Gómez, A. P. N. de Oliveira, et al. “Transparent ceramic and glass-ceramic materials for armor applications,” Ceram. Int., 43, 13031 – 13046 (2017).
R. Ya. Khodakovskaya, Chemistry of Titanium-Containing Glasses and Glass-Ceramics [in Russian], Khimiya, Moscow (1978).
R. Ya. Khodakovskaya, V. N. Sigaev, N. F. Plutalov, et al., “Phase separation of glasses of the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2 system at the initial stages of sitallization,” Phys. Chem. Glass, 5(2), 134 – 140 (1979).
G. A. Sycheva, Crystal Nucleation in Lithium Silicate Photosensitive Glasses [in Russian], LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, Germany (2011).
K. Matusita and M. Tashiro, “Rate of homogeneous nucleation in alkali disilicate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 11(5), 471 – 484 (1973).
A. A. Loshmanov, V. N. Sigaev, R. Ya. Khodakovskaya, et al., “Small-angle neutron scattering on silica glasses containing titania,” J. Appl. Crystallogr., 7(2), 207 – 210 (1974).
V. N. Sigaev, A. A. Loshmanov, R. Ya. Khodakovskaya, et al., “Structure of titanosilicate glasses according to neutron diffraction data,” Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 1(5), 403 – 406 (1975).
E. Kleebusch, C. Patzig, Höche T., et al. “The evidence of phase separation droplets in the crystallization process of a Li2O– Al2O3–SiO2 glass with TiO2 as nucleating agent — An x-ray diffraction and (S) TEM-study supported by EDX-analysis,” Ceram. Int., 44(3), 2919 – 2926 (2018).
E. Kleebusch, C. Thieme, C. Patzig, et al., “Crystallization of lithium aluminosilicate and microstructure of a lithium aluminoborosilicate designed glass for zero thermal expansion,” Ceram. Int., 49(13), 21246 – 21254 (2023).
E. Kleebusch, C. Patzig, M. Krause, et al., “The titanium coordination state and its temporal evolution in Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) glasses with ZrO2 and TiO2 as nucleation agents — an Xanes investigation,” Ceram. Int., 46(3), 3498 – 3501 (2020).
E. Kleebusch, C. Patzig, T. Höche, et al., “A modified B2O3 containing Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass with ZrO2 as nucleating agent—crystallization and microstructure studied by XRD and (S) TEM-EDX,” Ceram. Int., 44, 19818 – 19824 (2018).
E. Kleebusch, C. Patzig, T. Höche, et al., “Effect of the concentrations of nucleating agents ZrO2 and TiO2 on the crystallization of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass — an x-ray diffraction and TEM investigation,” J. Mater. Sci., 51, 10127 – 10138 (2016).
E. Kleebusch, C. Rüssel, C. Patzig, et al., “Evidence of epitaxial growth of high-quartz solid solution on ZrTiO4 nuclei in a Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass,” J. Alloys Compd., 748, 73 – 79 (2018).
V. N. Sigaev, Neutron Diffraction Study of Titanosilicate Glasses, Author’s Abstract of Candidate’s Thesis [in Russian], Institute of Crystallography of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow (1975).
M. Li, C. Xiong, Y. Ma, et al., “Study on crystallization process of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramics based on in situ analysis,” Mater., 15(22), 8006 (2022).
A. Marotta, A. Buri, and F. Branda, “Nucleation in glass and differential thermal analysis,” J. Mater. Sci., 16, 341 – 344 (1981).
M. J. Davis and I. Mitra, “Crystallization measurements using DTA methods: applications to Zerodur_,” J. Am. Ceram., 86(9), 1540 – 1546 (2003).
V. N. Sigaev, V. I. Savinkov, G. Yu. Shakhgildyan, et al. “On the possibility of precision control of the linear thermal expansion coefficient of transparent lithium-aluminum-silicate sitalls near zero values,” Glass Ceram., 76(11), 446 – 450 (2020).
A. S. Naumov, R. O. Alekseev, V. I. Savinkov, and V. N. Sigaev, “Nucleation and crystals growth in the interior volume of glass of the system Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2,” Glass Ceram., 80 (In press) (2023).
G. H. Beall and L. R. Pinckney, “Nanophase glass-ceramics,” J. Am. Ceram., 82(1), 5 – 16 (1999).
Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, L. Dong, et al., “Application and development of ultra-low expansion glass-ceramic in aerospace,” in: AOPC 2017: Space Optics and Earth Imaging and Space Navigation. SPIE, 10463, 87 – 92 (2017).
V. N. Sigaev, V. I. Savinkov, E. E. Stroganova, etc. Pat. RF 2 569 703, C1 IPC C03C 10/12. Method for Producing Optical Glass-Ceramics [in Russian], publ. 11/27/2015.
R. A. Hatch, “Phase equilibrium in the system: Li2O∙Al2O3–SiO2,” Am. Min., 28(9 – 10), 471 – 496 (1943).
B. Konar, D. G. Kim, and I. H. Jung, “Critical thermodynamic optimization of the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system and its application for the thermodynamic analysis of glass-ceramics,” J. Eur. Ceram., 38(11), 3881 – 3904 (2018).
R. Roy, D. M. Roy, and E. F. Osborn, “Compositional and stability relationships among the lithium aluminosilicates: eucryptite, spodumene, and petalite,” J. Am. Ceram., 33(5), 152 – 159 (1950).
H. Schulz, “Thermal expansion of beta eucryptite,” J. Am. Ceram., 57(7), 313 – 318 (1974).
F. H. Gillery and E. A. Bush, “Thermal contraction of β-eucryptite (Li2O∙Al2O3∙2SiO2-) by x-ray and dilatometer methods,” J. Am. Ceram., 42(4), 175 – 177 (1959).
A. I. Lichtenstein, R. O. Jones, H. Xu, et al. “Anisotropic thermal expansion in the silicate β-eucryptite: Aneutron diffraction and density functional study,” Phys. Rev. B, 58(10), 6219 (1998).
J. Petzoldt and W. Pannhorst, “Chemistry and structure of glass-ceramic materials for high precision optical applications” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 129(1 – 3), 191 – 198 (1991).
L. Zhu, M. Wang, Y. Xu, et al. “Dual effect of ZrO2 on phase separation and crystallization in Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2–P2O5 glasses,” J. Am. Ceram., 105(9), 5698 – 5710 (2022).
J. Wu, C. Lin, J. Liu, et al. “The effect of complex nucleating agent on the crystallization, phase formation and performance in lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 521, 119486 (2019).
V. Maier and G. Müller, “Mechanism of oxide nucleation in lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics,” J. Am. Ceram., 70(8), 176 – 178 (1987).
C. Venkateswaran, S. C. Sharma, B. Pant, et al., “Crystallization studies on site saturated lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass,” Thermochim. Acta, 679, 178311 (2019).
A. Kumar, A. Chakrabarti, M. S. Shekhawat, et al., “Transparent ultra-low expansion lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics: crystallization kinetics, structural and optical properties,” Thermochim. Acta, 676, 155 – 163 (2019).
F. C. Figueira and A. M. Bernardin, “Sinter-crystallization of spodumene LAS glass-ceramic tiles processed by single-firing,” J. Alloys Compd., 800, 525 – 531 (2019).
R. Zhang, L. Yi, F. Kong, et al. “Rapid preparation of low thermal expansion transparent LAS nanocrystalline glass by one-step thermoelectric treatment,” Ceram. Int., 47, 34380 – 34387 (2021).
G. Qian, T. Zhang, L. J. Zhang, et al., “Demonstrations of centimeter-scale polymer resonator for resonant integrated optical gyroscope,” Sens. and Actuators A. Phys., 237, 29 – 34 (2016).
M. De Carlo, F. De Leonardis, and V. M. N. Passaro, “Design rules of a microscale PT-symmetric optical gyroscope using group IV platform,” J. Light. Technol., 36(16), 3261 – 3268 (2018).
A. R. Molla, A. M. Rodrigues, S. P. Singh, et al., “Crystallization, mechanical, and optical properties of transparent, nanocrystalline gahnite glass-ceramics,” J. Am. Ceram., 100(5), 1963 – 1975 (2017).
A. L. Mitchell, D. E. Perea, M. G. Wirth, et al., “Nanoscale microstructure and chemistry of transparent gahnite glass-ceramics revealed by atom probe tomography,” Scr. Mater., 203, 114110 (2021).
G. Yu. Shakhgildyan, R. O. Alekseev, A. S. Naumov, et al., ”Investigation of the structure and influence of ion exchange on the microhardness of low-alkali transparent ganite glass-ceramics,” Glass Ceram., 80(3 – 4), 94 – 99 (2023).
G. Yu. Shakhgildyan, V. I. Savinkov, A. Yu. Shakhgildyan, et al. “Effect of sitallization conditions on the hardness of transparent sitalls in the system ZnO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2,” Glass Ceram., 77, 426 – 428 (2021).
G. Y. Shakhgildyan, R. O. Alekseev, N. V. Golubev, et al., “One-step crystallization of gahnite glass-ceramics in a wide thermal gradient,” Chem. Eng., 7(2), 37 (2023).
B. Yuan, et al., CN Pat. 112919810. Int C1. C03C 10/04. Glass-Ceramic, Glass-Ceramic Product and Manufacturing Method of Glass-Ceramic Product, Date of Patent: 08/06/2021.
J. Lapointe, M. Gagné, M. J. Li, et al., “Making smart phones smarter with photonics,” Opt. Express, 22(13), 15473 – 15483 (2014).
J. Lapointe, F. Parent, E. S. de Lima Filho, et al., “Toward the integration of optical sensors in smart-phone screens using femtosecond laser writing,” Opt. Lett., 40(23), pp. 5654 – 5657 (2015).
J. Han, J. Liu, X. Yao, et al., “Portable waveguide display system with a large field of view by integrating freeform elements and volume holograms,” Opt. Express, 23(3), 3534 – 3549 (2015).
A. S. Naumov, S. V. Lotarev, A. S. Lipatyev, et al., “Laser amorphization of a crystalline phase in the bulk of a thermally stable lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic,” Inorg. Mater., 59(4), 419 – 424 (2023).
V. N. Sigaev, A. S. Naumov, A. S. Lipatiev, et al. “Phase transformations under the action of femtosecond pulses in ZnO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 sitalls,” Glass Ceram., 80(1 – 2), 1 – 6 (2023).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 11, pp. 54 – 63, November, 2023.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Naumov, A.S., Sigaev, V.N. Transparent Lithium-Aluminum-Silicate Glass-Ceramics (Overview). Glass Ceram 80, 491–499 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-024-00639-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10717-024-00639-4