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Consequences of oxidative damage on the fatty acid profile in muscle of Cichlasoma amazonarum acutely exposed to copper

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Abstract

Rapid industrialization results in the production of large quantities of waste that are commonly discharged into water bodies, leading to the damage of the aquatic ecosystem and freshwater organisms. Copper (Cu) can induce oxidative damage in fish muscle, the main fish portion that is consumed by humans. However, the responses of the Amazon fish Cichlasoma amazonarum and its capacity to withstand acute Cu concentrations found in Amazon water around mines remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to Cu causes muscle oxidative stress and/or oxidative damage and impairs the fillet fatty acid profile of C. amazonarum acutely exposed to Cu found in Amazon waters around mines. Muscle reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with the control group, while muscle lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 500, 750, and 1500 μg/L Cu compared with control group. Muscle antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radical’s levels and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with the control group, while muscle superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in fish exposed to 750 and 1500 μg/L Cu compared with control group. The total content of saturated fatty acids was significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with the control group, while the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids and sum of n3 fatty acids were significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with control group. No significant difference was observed regarding muscle catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase activities. Based on these lines of evidence, the results of this comprehensive study agree with the initial hypothesis that the exposure to Cu found in Amazon water around mines induces oxidative damage and inhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant response in the muscle of C. amazonarum exposed to high Cu levels. Moreover, the impairment of the fillet fatty acid profile appears to be mediated by oxidative damage, representing a negative impact on fish health.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to the technician Reginaldo Oliveira for all logistical support. Thanks are due to Maria de Nazaré Paula da Silva for laboratory support.

Credit author statement

Matheus Baldissera: conceptualization, sample collection, data curation, and writing-reviewing; Danilo Barroso, Rogério Pereira, Cezar A. Bizzi, and Keiti Alessio: Cu analysis; Carine Souza: oxidative stress analysis; Fernanda C. de Oliveira and Roger Wagner: fatty acid analysis; Bernardo Baldisserotto and Adalberto Val: conceptualization and review.

Funding

This research was funded by a joint grant from the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, 465540/2014-7), the Amazonas State Research Foundation (FAPEAM, 062.01187/2017), and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, finance code 001) to ALV (INCT ADAPTA). ALV is the recipient of a research fellowship from the CNPq. CFS was the recipient of a fellowship from FAPEAM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Matheus D. Baldissera, Carine F. Souza & Bernardo Baldisserotto

  2. LEEM—Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Danilo C. Barroso, Rogério S. Pereira & Adalberto L. Val

  3. Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Fernanda C. de Oliveira & Roger Wagner

  4. Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Keiti O. Alessio & Cezar A. Bizzi

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  1. Matheus D. Baldissera
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Correspondence to Matheus D. Baldissera.

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Baldissera, M.D., Souza, C.F., Barroso, D.C. et al. Consequences of oxidative damage on the fatty acid profile in muscle of Cichlasoma amazonarum acutely exposed to copper. Fish Physiol Biochem 46, 2377–2387 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00884-8

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