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Identification of QTLs for relative root traits associated with phosphorus efficiency in two culture systems in Brassica napus

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Abstract

Modifications of root system morphology and architecture are considered important strategies of plant tolerance to phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the effect of culture system on the responses of root traits to P deficiency is not well documented. In this study, the responses of root traits to P deficiency were recorded in a Brassica napus double haploid (DH) population consisting of 182 lines derived from a cross between cultivar ‘Tapidor’ and ‘Ningyou 7’ using an ‘agar’ system and a ‘pouch and wick’ system. Under P deficient conditions, more DH lines had greater total root length, primary root length, total lateral root length, mean lateral root length and less lateral root density in the ‘pouch and wick’ system than the ‘agar’ system. Ten and two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for the relative root traits in the ‘agar’ system and the ‘pouch and wick’ system, respectively. The QTL for the same trait in the ‘agar’ system did not overlap with that in the ‘pouch and wick’ system. Two and one QTL clusters identified in the ‘agar’ system were located on chromosome A09 (Cluster1 and Cluster2) and C04 (Cluster3), respectively. RLRN_A04b, RSDW_A09a and Cluster1 were found to affect the seed yield and/or yield-related traits in two field trials. Overall, this study demonstrated a significant impact of different culture systems on the responses of root traits to P deficiency and on the detection of QTLs for the relative root traits, and identified three major QTLs that could be employed for marker assisted selection of P efficient cultivars.

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Abbreviations

DH:

Double haploid

LP:

A low phosphorus supply

LRD:

Lateral root density

LRL:

Total lateral root length

LRN:

Lateral root number

MLRL:

Mean lateral root length

OP:

An optimal phosphorus supply

P:

Phosphorus

Pi:

Inorganic phosphate

PRL:

Primary root length

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RLRD:

Relative lateral root density

RLRL:

Relative total lateral root length

RLRN:

Relative lateral root number

RMLRL:

Relative mean lateral root length

RPRL:

Relative primary root length

RRFW:

Relative root fresh weight

RSDW:

Relative shoot dry weight

RTDW:

Relative total dry weight

RTRL:

Relative total root length

TRL:

Total root length

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFD0200200), the Applied Basic Research Fronts Program of Wuhan city (2018020401011302), National Nature Science Foundation of China (31972498), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2662019PY013) and the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Wei Wang, Ying Zhang, Guangda Ding, Philip J. White, Kemo Jin, Fangsen Xu & Lei Shi

  2. Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Wei Wang, Ying Zhang, Guangda Ding, Philip J. White, Kemo Jin, Hongmei Cai, Fangsen Xu & Lei Shi

  3. The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK

    Philip J. White

  4. Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK

    Martin R. Broadley

  5. School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK

    John P. Hammond

  6. Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia

    John P. Hammond

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  1. Wei Wang
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Supplementary Fig.

 1 The plasticity of root traits of the BnaTNDH mapping population in response to phosphorus deficiency in the ‘agar’ and ‘pouch and wick’ systems. a, total root length (TRL); b, primary root length (PRL); c, total lateral root length (LRL); d, mean lateral root length (MLRL); e, lateral root number (LRN); f, lateral root density (LRD). Boxes represent the mid two quartiles with the median and mean drawn. Whiskers are the 95% confidence limits plus extremes (JPEG 656 kb)

Supplementary Fig.

 2 Location of QTLs for TRL (total root length), PRL (primary root length), LRL (total lateral root length), MLRL (mean lateral root length), LRN (lateral root length), LRD (lateral root density) and its relative traits. The red bar above the chromosome denotes the QTL identified at a low P supply. The green bar below the chromosome denotes the QTL identified at an optimal P supply. The purple bar inside the chromosome denotes the QTL for relative root trait. The red star indicates that the QTL for a root trait is co-located with the QTL for its relative trait (JPEG 1330 kb)

Supplementary Fig.

 3 The illumination of roots altered the response of root architecture to phosphate deprivation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Col-0 seedlings were grown at a low (-P, 0 mM) and an optimal P supply (+P, 0.625 mM) with the root exposed to light (LGR, light-grown roots) or in darkness (DGR, dark grown roots) in an illuminated culture room with 16 h photoperiod of approximately 300–320 μmol m−2 s−1, temperature at 18–24 °C and a relative humidity of 65–80% for 21 days. Scale bar = 2 cm (JPEG 2240 kb)

Supplementary Fig.

 4 The illumination of roots altered the response of root architecture to phosphate deprivation in Brassica napus. Tapidor and Ningyou 7 seedlings were grown at a low (-P, 0 mM) and an optimal P supply (+P, 0.625 mM) with the root exposed to light (LGR, light-grown roots) or in darkness (DGR, dark grown roots) in an illuminated culture room with 16 h photoperiod of approximately 300–320 μmol m−2 s−1, temperature at 18–24 °C and a relative humidity of 65–80% for 9 days. Scale bar = 3 cm (JPEG 1213 kb)

Supplementary Fig.

 5 Total root length (a), primary root length (b), total lateral root length (c), mean lateral root length (d), lateral root number (e), lateral root density (f) of Tapidor and Ningyou 7 seedlings grown at a low (-P, 0 mM) and an optimal P supply (+P, 0.625 mM) with the root exposed to light (LGR, light-grown roots) or in darkness (DGR, dark grown roots). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3–6). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between -P and +P (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01) according to Student’s t test (JPEG 1938 kb)

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Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Ding, G. et al. Identification of QTLs for relative root traits associated with phosphorus efficiency in two culture systems in Brassica napus. Euphytica 215, 192 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2512-4

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