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Evaluation and selection of sources of cytoplasmic male sterility in broccoli

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Abstract

Broccoli is an important Brassica vegetable that shows obvious heterosis. The main method for hybrid broccoli production is to use cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and pollination by bees. Therefore, the evaluation and selection of high quality sources of CMS is important for broccoli breeding. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different CMS sources on the morphology and size of floral organs, the attractiveness to pollinators and yield of hybrid seeds. Using broccoli CMS lines generated from different CMS sources with the same maintainer lines, we studied morphophysiological characteristics of flowers, such as flower shape and size, nectar production and sugar content, as well as the number of bee visits and seed yield. The degree of bud abortion, floral organs shape, degree of flower opening, nectar production, bee visits, and hybrid yield differed in CMS lines with same recurrent parent. When the CMS source was same and the recurrent parents were different, the degrees of bud abortion were different among the CMS lines, while the flowering characteristics were similar. Generally, larger floral organs and higher volumes of nectar were associated with higher frequency of bee visits and higher seed yield. Based on the morphological characteristics and size of floral organs, nectar secretion, bee-attracting ability and hybrid yield, we selected four CMS sources suitable for future use in broccoli breeding. Our results will provide an important reference for breeding high-quality CMS lines in broccoli and provide valuable CMS sources for breeding other cruciferous crops.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31372067), China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-25-A), the Key Projects in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China (Grant No. 2013BAD01B04), the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Grant No. CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS). We thank Huw Tyson, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Editing China (www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jinshuai Shu, Yumei Liu, Lili Zhang, Zhansheng Li, Zhiyuan Fang, Limei Yang, Mu Zhuang, Yangyong Zhang & Honghao Lv

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  1. Jinshuai Shu
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  2. Yumei Liu
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  3. Lili Zhang
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  4. Zhansheng Li
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  5. Zhiyuan Fang
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  6. Limei Yang
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  7. Mu Zhuang
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  8. Yangyong Zhang
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  9. Honghao Lv
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Contributions

YML and JSS conceived and designed the study. JSS and LLZ performed the experiments. JSS and LLZ analyzed the data. JSS and LLZ prepared the manuscript, YML and JSS improved the manuscript. YML, ZYF, LMY, MZ, YYZ, ZSL and HHL contributed reagents and materials. YML provided guidance on the whole study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yumei Liu.

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Shu, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, L. et al. Evaluation and selection of sources of cytoplasmic male sterility in broccoli. Euphytica 215, 125 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2453-y

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