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Spatiotemporal variations, health risk assessment, and sources of potentially toxic elements in potamic water of the Anday Stream Basin (Türkiye), Black Sea Region

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Abstract

Monitoring and protecting freshwater habitats are paramount for a sustainable water management perspective. This study investigated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the potamic water of the Anday Stream Basin (Türkiye), Black Sea Region, for a hydrological year (from May 2020 to April 2021). Among PTEs, the highest average values were recorded for sodium (Na) at 41.3 mg/L and the lowest for mercury (Hg) at 0.009 μg/L and noted under quality guidelines. The stream was found to be at the level of “Low Heavy Metal Pollution” and “Low Contamination” based on the ecotoxicological risk indices. The highest calculated hazard quotient (HQ) value of 1.21E-02 for Cd was noted in the children via the dermal pathway and the lowest of 6.91E-06 for Fe in adults via the ingestion pathway. Results revealed a higher hazard index (HI) value of 1.50E-02 for Cd to children and the lowest of 1.98E-05 for Fe to adults. As a result of applying agricultural risk indices, the stream showed sodium adsorption ratio values less than 6 and was found to be “Excellent” for agriculture. However, the sodium percentage values were less than 20 and found “Permissible” and the magnesium hazard > 50 and noted as “Unsuitable” for agriculture. Statistical analysis revealed that natural factors mainly attributed to PTE contamination of the Anday Stream Basin.

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The data supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely appreciate funding from Trakya University, Turkiye.

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The authors received funding from the Trakya University, Turkiye.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Trakya University, İpsala/Edirne, Türkiye

    Cem Tokatli

  2. Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye

    Ekrem Mutlu

  3. Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye

    Fikret Ustaoğlu

  4. Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh

    Abu Reza Towfiqul Islam

  5. National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Said Muhammad

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Contributions

C. Tokatli, designed this study, Supervision, and edited the manuscript. E. Mutlu, data curation, and edited the manuscript. F. Ustaoğlu, A.R.T. Islam, and S. Muhammad performed data analyses and drafted and edited the manuscript.

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Tokatli, C., Mutlu, E., Ustaoğlu, F. et al. Spatiotemporal variations, health risk assessment, and sources of potentially toxic elements in potamic water of the Anday Stream Basin (Türkiye), Black Sea Region. Environ Monit Assess 196, 420 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12580-8

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