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Soil aggregation and associated organic matter under management systems in sandy-textured soils, subtropical region of Brazil

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Abstract

Increasing the diversity of plant species in agricultural production areas favors the maintenance or improvement of soil quality, particularly for soils with a sandy texture. This beneficial effect is related to the formation of aggregates of different origins. This study aimed to (i) verify whether soil use and management affect the proportion of biogenic (Bio) and physicogenic (Phy) aggregates and (ii) verify whether biogenic aggregation is more likely to lead to soil improvement than physicogenic aggregation. Three management systems were evaluated (permanent pasture, PP; no-tillage system, NT; and no-tillage + Brachiaria system, NT + B) as well as a reference area (Atlantic Forest biome vegetation, NF). According to their origin or formation pathway, the aggregates were separated, identified, and classified as Bio (formed by biological processes) and Phy (resulting from chemical and physical actions). The differentiation between Bio and Phy aggregates was performed based on the visualization of morphological features, such as shape, size, presence of roots, porosity, and subunit arrangements, and junctions. Only the PP area was able to promote greater aggregate formation of biological origin, with greater amounts of Bio aggregates. The highest total organic carbon (TOC) contents and the least negative δ13C values were also quantified in the aggregates of the PP area. The NT + B system provided an increase in the TOC content of its aggregates in comparison with aggregates in the NT and NF areas. Among the formation pathways, the Bio aggregates had the highest TOC and soil organic matter fractions contents and the most negative δ13C values. Perennial forage grasses vegetation was more important than the plant species diversity in favoring Bio aggregate formation. The beneficial effect of Brachiaria can be observed when incorporated as part of intercropping with corn in grain production systems. The biogenic aggregates favored the concentration of more labile soil organic matter fractions. The results of this study can provide important theoretical information for future studies focused on the combination of different plant species in agricultural food production areas on sandy-textured soils.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and Foundation AGRISUS (Agronomic Research Project No. 2990/20).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soils, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil

    Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, Igor de Sousa Morais & Marcos Gervasio Pereira

  2. Department of Geosciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil

    Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo

  3. University Unit, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mundo Novo, MS, 79980-000, Brazil

    Jefferson Matheus Barros Ozório & Jean Sérgio Rosset

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  1. Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto
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Contributions

Conceptualization—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal), Jean Sérgio Rosset (equal), Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo (equal), and Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (supporting). Methodology—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal), Jean Sérgio Rosset (equal), Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo (equal), and Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (supporting). Formal analysis—Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (lead), Jefferson Matheus Barros Ozório (supporting), Igor de Sousa Morais (supporting), and Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo (supporting). Investigation—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal), Jean Sérgio Rosset (equal), Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo (equal), and Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (supporting). Resources—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal) and Jean Sérgio Rosset (equal). Writing-original draft—Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (equal), Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal), Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo (supporting), and Jefferson Matheus Barros Ozório (supporting). Writing—review and editing—Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (equal), Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal), and Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo (supporting). Visualization—Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (lead) and Marcos Gervasio Pereira (supporting). Supervision—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (lead). Project administration—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (lead) and Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto (supporting). Funding acquisition—Marcos Gervasio Pereira (equal) and Jean Sérgio Rosset (equal).

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Correspondence to Marcos Gervasio Pereira.

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da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, L.A., de Sousa Morais, I., Ozório, J.M.B. et al. Soil aggregation and associated organic matter under management systems in sandy-textured soils, subtropical region of Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 195, 253 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10892-1

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