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Fractionation and accumulation of selected metals in a tropical estuary, south-west coast of India

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Abstract

Estimating the fractional distribution of sediment-bound heavy metals is highly significant for its ecological risk assessment in contaminated aquatic systems, since environmental factors enhance the mobility of heavy metals and its accumulation in different ecological matrices. In this study, the fractional distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in the sediments of the Cochin estuary, along the south-west coast of India, was estimated along with its accumulation in four edible crustaceans. The high mobility of heavy metals in the Cochin estuary was evident from the distribution in fractions other than residual fraction. The exchangeable fractions of Zn and Cd were high in the Cochin estuary, indicating its high bioavailability. Even though the exchangeable fraction is negligible, Pb poses the risk of bioaccumulation due to the presence of oxidisable and reducible fractions. The level of heavy metals varies in different species of edible prawns, and high accumulation of all metals was observed in Metapenaeus dobsoni. Various risk assessment indices show that Cd and Pb pose significant ecological and human health risks in the Cochin estuary.

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Acknowledgements

The first author acknowledges the University Grants Commission, Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India, for support through Junior Research Fellowship and Senior Research Fellowship. The authors acknowledge the KSCSTE-SARD, DST-FIST and DST-PURSE funding for the instrumental facility.

Funding

The funding is from MoES, DST-FIST and PURSE programme.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, Kerala, India

    K. K. Jayasooryan

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    E. V. Ramasamy, P. K. Chandini & Mahesh Mohan✉

  3. School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    P. K. Chandini

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  1. K. K. Jayasooryan
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  2. E. V. Ramasamy
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  3. P. K. Chandini
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  4. Mahesh Mohan✉
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All the authors have contributed to the manuscript in various ways such as problem identification, sampling and analysis, interpretation, writing, editing and proof reading.

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Jayasooryan, K.K., Ramasamy, E.V., Chandini, P.K. et al. Fractionation and accumulation of selected metals in a tropical estuary, south-west coast of India. Environ Monit Assess 193, 220 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09019-9

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