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Land use impacts on river health of Uma Oya, Sri Lanka: implications of spatial scales

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Abstract

Human actions on landscapes are a principal threat to the ecological integrity of river ecosystems worldwide. Tropical landscapes have been poorly investigated in terms of the impact of catchment land cover alteration on water quality and biotic indices in comparison to temperate landscapes. Effects of land cover in the catchment at two spatial scales (catchment and site) on stream physical habitat quality, water quality, macroinvertebrate indices and community composition were evaluated for Uma Oya catchment in the upper Mahaweli watershed, Sri Lanka. The relationship between spatial arrangement of land cover in the catchment and water quality, macroinvertebrate indices and community composition was examined using univariate and multivariate approaches. Results indicate that chemical water quality variables such as conductivity and total dissolved solids are mostly governed by the land cover at broader spatial scales such as catchment scale. Shannon diversity index was also affected by catchment scale forest cover. In stream habitat features, nutrients such as N-NO3 −, macroinvertebrate family richness, %shredders and macroinvertebrate community assemblages were predominantly influenced by the extent of land cover at 200 m site scale suggesting that local riparian forest cover is important in structuring macroinvertebrate communities. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of services provided by forest cover at catchment and site scale in enhancing resilience of stream ecosystems to natural forces and human actions. Findings suggest that land cover disturbance effects on stream ecosystem health could be predicted when appropriate spatial arrangement of land cover is considered and has widespread application in the management of tropical river catchments.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by National Research Council (NRC) of Sri Lanka Grant No. 13-160 for carrying out this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka

    J.M.C.K. Jayawardana, W.D.T.M Gunawardana & E.P.N. Udayakumara

  2. Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Office Y147/Y Building/Mt. Helen Campus, Ballarat, Australia

    M. Westbrooke

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  1. J.M.C.K. Jayawardana
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  2. W.D.T.M Gunawardana
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  3. E.P.N. Udayakumara
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Correspondence to J.M.C.K. Jayawardana.

Appendices

Appendix 1

Table 7 Mean and the range of water quality and macroinvertebrate indices at sampling sites
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Appendix 2

Table 8 Taxa recorded in sampling sites during wet and dry seasons
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Jayawardana, J., Gunawardana, W., Udayakumara, E. et al. Land use impacts on river health of Uma Oya, Sri Lanka: implications of spatial scales. Environ Monit Assess 189, 192 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5863-0

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