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Field monitoring of a LID-BMP treatment train system in China

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Abstract

In order to assess the urban runoff control effectiveness of a low-impact development best management practice (LID-BMP) treatment train system, a field test of selected LID-BMPs was conducted in China. The LID-BMPs selected include three grassed swales, a buffer strip, a bioretention cell, two infiltration pits, and a constructed wetland. The test site is in a campus in southern China. The LID-BMPs, connected in a series, received stormwater runoff from four tennis courts with an area of 2808 m2 and eight basketball courts with an area of 4864 m2. Construction of the LID-BMPs was completed in early spring of 2012, and the sampling was conducted during May of 2012 to September of 2013. During the sampling effort, besides the performance evaluations of grassed swales and the bioretention cell in controlling runoff quantity as well as quality, the emphasis was also on determining the performance of the LID-BMP treatment train system. A total of 19 storm events were monitored, with nine producing no runoff and ten producing runoff. Data collected from the ten storm events were analyzed for estimating runoff quantity (peak flow rate and total runoff volume) and quality reduction by the LID-BMPs. The sum of loads (SOL) method was used for calculating the water quality performance of LID-BMPs. Results indicated that, for peak flow rate, a bioretention cell reduction of 50–84 % was obtained, and grassed swale reduction was 17–79 %, with a runoff volume reduction of 47–80 and 9–74 %, respectively. For water quality, the bioretention cell in general showed good removal for zinc (nearly 100 %), copper (69 %), NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) (51 %), and total nitrogen (TN) (49 %); fair removal for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (18 %); and poor removal for total suspended solids (TSS) (−11 %) and total phosphorus (TP) (−21 %). And its performance effectiveness for pollutant removal increased in the second year after 1 year of stabilizing. When considering the aggregated effect of the LID-BMP treatment train system, it showed excellent removal for NH3-N (73 %), TN (74 %), and TP (95 %) and fair removal for COD (19 %) and TSS (35 %). The assessment results of the LID-BMP treatment train system provide valuable information on how to link the different types of LID-BMP facilities and maximize the integrated effectiveness on urban runoff control.

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Acknowledgments

Major funding for this research was provided by the Foshan Municipal Environment Bureau and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51278267). Partial support was received from the USEPA National Risk Management Laboratory’s Watershed Management Branch. The assistance from Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering is also appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Haifeng Jia, Xiangwen Wang & Chaopu Ti

  2. Ecovista Environmental Consulting, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

    Yanyun Zhai

  3. Watershed Management Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ, USA

    Richard Field & Anthony N. Tafuri

  4. Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong, China

    Huihua Cai

  5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Shaw L. Yu

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  1. Haifeng Jia
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  2. Xiangwen Wang
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  3. Chaopu Ti
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  4. Yanyun Zhai
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  5. Richard Field
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  7. Huihua Cai
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  8. Shaw L. Yu
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Correspondence to Haifeng Jia.

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Jia, H., Wang, X., Ti, C. et al. Field monitoring of a LID-BMP treatment train system in China. Environ Monit Assess 187, 373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4595-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4595-2

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