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Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato

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Abstract

The plant-parasitic nematode, Nacobbus sp., is responsible for significant economic losses in horticultural production centers in Argentina and other countries in America, alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors. Although the genus’ distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions. The management of phytoparasitic nematodes using biological control strategies is a promising eco-compatible alternative, allowing for sustainability of the crop horticultural system. Firstly, this study ecophysiologically characterized Plectosphaerella plurivora SRA14, a strain with nematophagous activity on N. aberrans s.l. This fungal strain developed in vitro under a wide temperature range (20–30 °C), but the highest levels of water stress (Ψ: -7 and -10 Mpa; aW: 0.95 and 0.93) inhibited its growth. While the production of extracellular enzymes by this strain was low, P. plurivora SRA14 was able to develop in the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of the tomato and basil crops without affecting the plant vigor parameters or producing phytotoxicity signs. Secondly, this study evidenced the biocontrol activity of P. plurivora SRA14 on N. aberrans s.l. populations in tomato, implanted into both sterile (artificially inoculated) and naturally infested soils via greenhouse pot experiments. The results of this work revealed for the first time the potential of P. plurivora SRA14 as a biological control agent of the phytoparasitic nematode N. aberrans s.l. in horticultural crops.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out by the grant from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCYT), FONCYT-PICT/2020 N° 01560, 2021-2024, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas RESOL-2022-1927-APN-DIR#CONICET, 2023-2025 and Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SECYT- UNRC), PPI-2019 Res. 161, 2020-2022.

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  1. Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

    Natalia Girardi, Ana Laura Sosa, Joaquín Loyola García & María Alejandra Passone

  2. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Natalia Girardi, Ana Laura Sosa & María Alejandra Passone

  3. Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

    Matías Pellegrino

  4. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias (INCIVET), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Matías Pellegrino

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All authors conceived and designed the research; NG, AS, JLG and MP conducted experiments, and analyzed the data; all authors discussed the results; AP, AS, and NG wrote the article; all authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Girardi, N., Sosa, A.L., Loyola García, J. et al. Ecophysiological characteristics of the nematophagous fungus, Plectosphaerella plurivora, with biocontrol potential on Nacobbus aberrans s.l. in tomato. Eur J Plant Pathol 167, 867–881 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-023-02739-3

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