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Species diversity, mating type assays and aggressiveness patterns of Monilinia pathogens causing brown rot of peach fruit in Turkey

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Abstract

Brown rot disease caused by fungal species from the Monilinia genus has recently been observed as one of the most important limiting factors for yield and quality of peach fruits in Turkey. During June and July of 2018, field trips to different peach orchards were performed in six provinces located in four different geographical regions of Turkey. One hundred and twenty-nine isolates were obtained from the diseased fruits, and of those, 109 were identified as Monilinia fructicola, whereas 20 were M. laxa according to the species-specific molecular markers. Mating types of the isolates were detected by PCR assays using primers designed in this study. Each isolate represented only one of the mating type genes. Overall data sets presented 1:1 ratio of mating types for both species, indicating a possible sexual reproduction. No polymorphisms were detected in partial sequences of mating type genes. The isolates were in vitro tested for their pathogenicity using apple fruits as a host and aggressiveness were evaluated at different time points using lesion sizes. Monilinia laxa was found more aggressive than M. fructicola. Moreover, M. fructicola isolates displayed larger colony growth compared to M. laxa isolates. However, no significant correlation was detected between the colony growth rates and virulence. This study is the first to demonstrate brown rot pathogens of peach fruit in Turkey and identifies different aspects of the pathogens, which would be useful in containment of pathogen spread and comparison with other populations of these pathogens worldwide, and suggests a new set of mating type markers for these species.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by TUBITAK 217Z134 project number, granted to H. Ozkilinc. HO designed the research plan, participated and contributed to the all research studies (from field trips to the analyses and interpretations) and wrote the manuscript. Contribution of the other authors from Ozkilinc Lab: Sampling by MRD, HG; pathogen isolations by GY, ES, KA, MRD; molecular species diagnosis by GY and MRD, mating type analysis by ES, all the statistical analysis by KA. Besides, experimental part of pathogenicity and colony growth were performed by HAA and RA; Results were discussed and confirmed among the authors. Authors thank Dr. Burcu Mestav (Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dep. of Statistics) for her valuable suggestions and revision of the statistical analysis performed in this paper. Authors thank to Prof. Francesca Faretra and Dr Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini (Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy) for providing samples for mating type controls and for their kind help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

    H. Ozkilinc, K. Arslan & M. R. Durak

  2. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, MSc Program in Biomolecular Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

    H. Ozkilinc, G. Yildiz, E. Silan & H. Guven

  3. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    H. H. Altinok & R. Altindag

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  1. H. Ozkilinc
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  2. G. Yildiz
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  3. E. Silan
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  4. K. Arslan
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Correspondence to H. Ozkilinc.

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Ozkilinc, H., Yildiz, G., Silan, E. et al. Species diversity, mating type assays and aggressiveness patterns of Monilinia pathogens causing brown rot of peach fruit in Turkey. Eur J Plant Pathol 157, 799–814 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02040-7

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