Skip to main content
Log in

Spatial distribution of Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa in stone fruit production areas in Western Australia

  • Research Note
  • Published:
Australasian Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In 2016 and 2017, 90 fungal isolates were collected from Prunus species exhibiting symptoms of brown rot disease at 12 sites in stone fruit production areas in Western Australia. ITS region analysis showed that 49 isolates belonged to Monilinia laxa and 34 to M. fructicola, species that cause brown rot in stone fruit. The two species were spatially separated to the south of the Perth Hills region, where only M. laxa was found, and to the north of Perth Hills where only M. fructicola was found. The two species co-existed only in the Perth Hills. The implications for control and trade are discussed, as is the need to implement biosecurity guidelines to prevent mixing of the two species where currently only one exists.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  • Adaskaveg JE, Förster H, Thompson DF (2000) Identification and etiology of visible quiescent infections of Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea in sweet cherry fruit. Plant Dis 84(3):328–333. doi:10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.3.328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 3389–3402. doi: 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389

  • Anonymous (2014) National Diagnostic Protocol for Monilinia fructigena, the cause of apple Brown rot. Protocol NDP1 Version 2.1. http://plantbiosecuritydiagnostics.net.au/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/NDP-1-Apple-Brown-Rot-Monilinia-fructigena-V2.1.pdf

  • Batra LR (1991) World species of Monilinia (fungi): their ecology, biosystematics and control Mycologia memoir no 16, 246 pp

  • Biosecurity Australia (2003) Extension of existing policy for cherry fruit (Prunus avium) exported from New Zealand into Western Australia. Biosecurity Australia, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Biosecurity Australia (2006) Final Report: Pest risk analysis for stone fruit from New Zealand into Western Australia. Biosecurity Australia, Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry - Australia (AFFA). doi: 10.1093/eurrag/29.3.329

  • Bush EA, Yoder KS, Smith AH (2009) Brown rot on peach and other stone fruits. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 450–721. (http://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/450/450-721/450-721.html)

  • Byrde RJ, Willetts HJ (1977) The brown rot fungi of fruit. Their biology and control. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Carstens E, van Niekerk JM, Laubscher W, Fourie PH (2010) Resolving the status of Monilinia spp. in south African stone fruit orchards. J Plant Pathol 34:35–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Côté MJ, Tardif MC, Meldrum AJ (2004) Identification of Monilinia fructigena, M. fructicola, M. laxa, and Monilia polystroma on inoculated and naturally infected fruit using multiplex PCR. Plant Dis 88:1219–1225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Cal A, Egüen B, Melgarejo P (2014) Vegetative compatibility groups and sexual reproduction among Spanish Monilinia fructicola isolates obtained from peach and nectarine orchards, but not Monilinia laxa. Fungal Biol 118:484–494. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.03.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emery KM, Michailides TJ, Scherm H (2000) Incidence of latent infection of immature peach fruit by Monilinia fructicola and relationship to brown rot in Georgia. Plant Dis 84:853–857. doi:10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.8.853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gell I, Cubero J, Melgarejo P (2007a) Two different PCR approaches for universal diagnosis of brown rot and identification of Monilinia spp. in stone fruit trees. J ApplMicrobiol 103:2629–2637

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gell I, Larena I, Melgarejo P (2007b) Genetic diversity in Monilinia laxa populations in peach orchards in Spain. J Phytopathol 155:549–556. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01278.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison TH (1928) Brown rot of fruits and associated diseases in Australia. I History of the disease and determination of the causal organism J Proc R Soc NSW 52:99–148. doi:10.2307/3754152

    Google Scholar 

  • Holb IJ (2008) Brown rot blossom blight of pome and stone fruits: symptom, disease cycle, host resistance, and biological control. Int J Hort Science 14:15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes R, Kreidl S, Villalta O, Gouk C (2011) Through chain approach for managing brown rot in summerfruit and canning fruit. Horticulture Australia Ltd, Report MT08039. http://www.hin.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/5066/Brown-Rot-Combined-sml.pdf

  • Holtz BA, Michailides TJ, Hong CX (1998) Development of apothecia from stone fruit infected and stromatized by Monilinia fructicola in California. Plant dis 82: 1375–1380. Doi: org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.12.1375

  • House M (1997) AG401. Plant Diseases Act 1914. Government Gazette, WA. Government Printer, State Law Publisher 235: 7507

  • Hrustić J, Mihajlović M, Grahovac M, Delibašić G, Bulajić A, Krstić B, Tanović B (2012) Genus Monilinia on pome and stone fruit species. Pesticidi i fitomedicina 27(4):283–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ioos R, Frey P (2000) Genomic variation within Monilinia laxa, M. fructigena and M. fructicola, and application to species identification by PCR. Eur J Plant Pathol 106:373–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins PT (1965) Scerotinia laxa Aderh and Ruhl: a cause of brown rot of stone fruits not previously recorded in Australia. Aust J Agric Res 16:141–144. doi:10.1071/AR9650141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lino LO, Pacheco I, Mercier V, Faoro F, Bonard I, Bassi D, Quilot B (2016) Brown rot strikes Prunus fruit: an ancient fight almost always lost. J Agric Food Chem 64:4029–4047. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo Y, Michailides TJ (2001) Factors affecting latent infection of prune fruit by Monilinia fructicola. Phytopathology 91:864–872. doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.9.864

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Z, Michailides TJ (2005) Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of fungicide resistance and molecular detection of resistant genotypes in phytopathogenic fungi. Crop Prot 24:853–863. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Z, Yoshimura MA, Michailides TJ (2003) Identification and characterization of benzimidazole resistance in Monilinia fructicola from stone fruit orchards in California. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:7145–7152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Z, Yoshimura MA, Holtz BA, Michailides TJ (2005) Characterization and PCR-based detection of benzimidazole resistant isolates of Monilinia laxa in California. Pest Man Science 61:449–457. doi:10.1002/ps.982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer ZW (2017) Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Stud Mycol. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002

  • Penrose LJ, Davis KC, KoVmann W (1979) The distribution of benomyl-tolerant Slerotinia fructicola (Wint.) Rehm. In stone fruit orchards in new South Wales and comparative studies with susceptible isolates. Aust J Agric Res 30:307–319. doi:10.1071/AR9790307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanoamuang N, Gaunt RE (1995) Persistance and fitness of carbendazim- and dicarboximide- resistant isolates of Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey in Xowers, shoots and fruit of stone fruit. Plant Pathol 44: 448–457. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01667.x

  • Stansbury C, McKirdy S, Power G (2000) Brown rot, Monilinia fructigena: exotic threat to Western Australia. Factsheet 48/2000. Agriculture Western Australia

  • Tamura K, Nei M, Kumar S (2004) Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. PNAS 101:11030–11035

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Gibson T, Higgins DG (2002) Multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW and ClustalX. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics 00:2.3:2.3.1–2.32.3.22

    Google Scholar 

  • White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee SB, Taylor JW (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic press, San Diego

  • Willetts HJ, Harada Y (1984) A review of apothecial production by Monilinia Fungi in Japan. Mycologia 76:314–325. doi:10.2307/3793107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EE, Ogawa JM (1979) Fungal, bacterial and certain non-parasitic diseases of fruit and nut crops in California. Californian Agricultural Science Publications, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. J. Wylie.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tran, T.T., Li, H., Nguyen, D.Q. et al. Spatial distribution of Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa in stone fruit production areas in Western Australia. Australasian Plant Pathol. 46, 339–349 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-017-0497-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-017-0497-9

Keywords

Navigation