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Genetic structure of Magnaporthe oryzae populations in three island groups in the Philippines

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Abstract

Genetic structure of the rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae was characterized using 453 monoconidial isolates collected from different rice agroecosystems from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, the three island groups in the Philippines in experimental plots and in farmer fields. Using 12 microsatellite markers, a total of 93 new multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) were determined when compared to the reference isolates representing the genotypes previously published. Analysis revealed a weak geographic structuring of pathogen genotypes, with some of those collected from Luzon clustering with those from Visayas or Mindanao. Nevertheless, none of the strains from Mindanao clustered with those from the Visayas and none from Visayas clustered with those from Mindanao. This structure likely results from limited natural migration and from some events of long distance migration, probably through the transport of infected seeds. Significant genetic differences were noted on isolates collected from distinct rice agroecosystems. A subset of 30 isolates, representative of MLGs, were tested for fertility status. Of these, eight induced the production of perithecia, of which six were male-fertile and two were also female-fertile. In addition, MAT1.1 isolates represented 36% of our sample whereas it represented only 5% in the collection of reference strains. Pathogenicity test of a subset of 24 isolates inoculated to 16 differential rice varieties demonstrated that most isolates were avirulent to varieties which carry the resistance genes Pi1, Pi33 Pi9, Pikm, and the combination of Piz and Pish.

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Acknowledgements

Genotypic data used in this work were produced through molecular genetic analysis technical facilities of the labex “Centre Méditerranéen de l’Environnement et de la Biodiversité”. This research was supported by grants from Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Southeast Regional Center for Graduate Study in Agriculture (SEARCA) and the Embassy of France through the Filipino-French Scientific Cooperation Program (FFSC). This work was also partly funded by the Philippines’ Department of Science and Technology (DOST) through its Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resource Development Program (ASTHRDP) program availed by the first author. We would like to thank Dr. Didier Tharreau and many of those involved in the collection and isolation of M. oryzae especially Ms. Loida M. Perez of PhilRice and Dr. Alfredo M. Sinohin of UPLB.

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  1. Ana Liza C. Lopez

    Present address: Jose Rizal Memorial State University, 7101, Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

    Ana Liza C. Lopez & Christian Joseph R. Cumagun

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  1. Ana Liza C. Lopez
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  2. Christian Joseph R. Cumagun
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Correspondence to Christian Joseph R. Cumagun.

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Lopez, A.L.C., Cumagun, C.J.R. Genetic structure of Magnaporthe oryzae populations in three island groups in the Philippines. Eur J Plant Pathol 153, 101–118 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1546-0

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