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Diversity and arsenic-metabolizing gene clusters of indigenous arsenate-reducing bacteria in high arsenic groundwater of the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia

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Abstract

Dissimilatory arsenate reduction from arsenic (As)-bearing minerals into highly mobile arsenite is one of the key mechanisms of As release into groundwater. To detect the microbial diversity and As-metabolizing gene clusters of indigenous arsenate-reducing bacteria in high As groundwater in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia, China, three anaerobic arsenate-reducing bacteria were isolated and arrA and arsC gene-based clone libraries of four in situ groundwater samples were constructed. The strains IMARCUG-11(G-11), IMARCUG-C1(G-C1) and IMARCUG-12(G-12) were phylogenetically belonged to genera Paraclostridium, Citrobacter and Klebsiella, respectively. They could reduce >99% of 1 mM arsenate under anoxic conditions with lactate as a carbon source in 60 h, 72 h and 84 h, respectively. As far as we know, this was the first report of arsenate reduction by genus Paraclostridium. Compared with strain G-11 (arsC) and G-C1 (arsRBC), strain G-12 contained two incomplete ars operons (operon1: arsABC, operon2: arsBC), indicating that these strains might present different strategies to resist As toxicity. Phylogenetic analysis illuminating by the arrA genes showed that in situ arsenate-reducing bacterial communities were diverse and mainly composed of Desulfobacterales (53%, dominated by Geobacter), Betaproteobacteria (12%), and unidentified groups (35%). Based on the arsC gene analysis, the indigenous arsenate-reducing bacterial communities were mainly affiliated with Omnitrophica (88%) and Deltaproteobacteria (11%, dominated by Geobacter and Syntrophobacterales). Results of this study expanded our understanding of indigenous arsenic-reducing bacteria in high As groundwater aquifers.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91851115, 41702365 and 41702260).

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This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 91851115, 41702365, and 41702260)

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China

    Yanhong Wang, Dazhun Wei, Ping Li, Han Liu, Chun Qing & Helin Wang

  2. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China

    Zhou Jiang

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  1. Yanhong Wang
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Wang, Y., Wei, D., Li, P. et al. Diversity and arsenic-metabolizing gene clusters of indigenous arsenate-reducing bacteria in high arsenic groundwater of the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. Ecotoxicology 30, 1680–1688 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02305-1

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