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Toxic effects of pyrethroids in tadpoles of Physalaemus gracilis (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

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Abstract

Pyrethroid insecticides are one of the most commonly used pesticide groups, but these compounds have brought risks to non-target species, such as amphibians. This study evaluated the toxicological effects (mortality, swimming activity and oral morphology) caused to a South American species of anuran amphibian, Physalaemus gracilis, exposed to the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Total spawnings of this anuran were collected in the natural environment and transported to the laboratory where they were kept under controlled conditions. Chronic assays were defined between 0.1 and 0.01 mg L−1 of cypermethrin, and 0.009 and 0.001 mg L−1 of deltamethrin. For cypermethrin, a further chronic toxicity test was performed at 0.05 and 2.0 mg L−1, with hatchlings at stages S.20–S.25. Cypermethrin and deltamethrin were lethal enough to kill over 70% of exposed tadpoles in 1 week at concentrations that can be found in nature (0.01–0.1 mg L−1). The exposure effects also influenced swimming activity and caused changes in oral morphology, which would make it difficult for the animals to survive in their natural habitat. Both pyrethroids presented a risk for P. gracilis, so they should be re-evaluated for non-target wild species.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Gregori B. Bieniek for technical support. We are grateful to the Federal University of Fronteira Sul—UFFS for providing logistical support. Camila Rutkoski, Natani Macagnan and Cassiane Kolcenti were supported by fellowship from Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—FAPERGS. This study is financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior—Brazil (CAPES), finance code 001.

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  1. Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil

    Guilherme V. Vanzetto, Jéssica G. Slaviero, Paola F. Sturza, Camila F. Rutkoski, Natani Macagnan, Cassiane Kolcenti, Paulo A. Hartmann & Marilia T. Hartmann

  2. Fisheries Institute–APTA, SAA, São Paulo, Brazil

    Claudia M. Ferreira

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Vanzetto, G.V., Slaviero, J.G., Sturza, P.F. et al. Toxic effects of pyrethroids in tadpoles of Physalaemus gracilis (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Ecotoxicology 28, 1105–1114 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02115-0

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