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Landscape genomics of Sphaeralcea ambigua in the Mojave Desert: a multivariate, spatially-explicit approach to guide ecological restoration

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Abstract

Local adaptation influences plant species’ responses to climate change and their performance in ecological restoration. Fine-scale physiological or phenological adaptations that direct demographic processes may drive intraspecific variability when baseline environmental conditions change. Landscape genomics characterize adaptive differentiation by identifying environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variability and mapping the associated landscape patterns. We applied such an approach to Sphaeralcea ambigua, an important restoration plant in the arid southwestern United States, by analyzing variation at 153 amplified fragment length polymorphism loci in the context of environmental gradients separating 47 Mojave Desert populations. We identified 37 potentially adaptive loci through a combination of genome scan approaches. We then used a generalized dissimilarity model (GDM) to relate variability in potentially adaptive loci with spatial gradients in temperature, precipitation, and topography. We identified non-linear thresholds in loci frequencies driven by summer maximum temperature and water stress, along with continuous variation corresponding to temperature seasonality. Two GDM-based approaches for mapping predicted patterns of local adaptation are compared. Additionally, we assess uncertainty in spatial interpolations through a novel spatial bootstrapping approach. Our study presents robust, accessible methods for deriving spatially-explicit models of adaptive genetic variability in non-model species that will inform climate change modelling and ecological restoration.

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Acknowledgments

We thank F. Edwards [U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Las Vegas Field Office, NV], C. Lund (BLM, California State Office), and K. Harcksen and J. Fox (BLM, Arizona Strip Field Office, AZ) for funding support. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and the United States Department of the Interior, BLM Native Plant Materials Program. This manuscript was significantly improved by comments from Amy Vandergast and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. Experiments described here comply with all rules and regulations pertaining to the land and resources where they were performed.

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  1. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 160 North Stephanie Street, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA

    Daniel F. Shryock, Lesley A. DeFalco, Todd C. Esque & Nathan A. Custer

  2. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Caroline A. Havrilla

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Southwest Biological Science Center, P.O. Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Troy E. Wood

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  1. Daniel F. Shryock
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Correspondence to Daniel F. Shryock.

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Shryock, D.F., Havrilla, C.A., DeFalco, L.A. et al. Landscape genomics of Sphaeralcea ambigua in the Mojave Desert: a multivariate, spatially-explicit approach to guide ecological restoration. Conserv Genet 16, 1303–1317 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0741-1

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