Abstract
Heat stress is known to result in neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and disabilities in learning and memory in animals and humans. It has previously been reported that cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation may at least in part be mediated by defective hippocampal neurogenesis, and defective neurogenesis has been linked to aberrantly activated microglial cells. Moreover, the release of cytokines within the brain has been shown to contribute to the disruption of cognitive functions in several conditions following neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize evolving evidence for the current understanding of inflammation-induced deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, and the resulting behavioral impairments after heat stress. Furthermore, we provide valuable insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation-induced deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis, particularly relating to cognitive dysfunction following heat stress. Lastly, we aim to identify potential mechanisms through which neuroinflammation induces cognitive dysfunction, and elucidate how neuroinflammation contributes to defective hippocampal neurogenesis. This review may therefore help to better understand the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and heat stress.
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Abbreviations
- BDNF:
-
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BrdU:
-
Neurons and bromodeoxyuridine
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- DCX:
-
Doublecortin
- DG:
-
Dentate gyrus
- GCL:
-
Granule cell layer
- GFAP:
-
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GPX:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- GSAI-B4:
-
Griffonia simplicifolia lectin
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- GSSG:
-
Glutathione disulfide
- Iba-1:
-
Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
- IFNγ:
-
Interferon-γ
- IL-1β:
-
Interleukin-1β
- IL-1R1:
-
Type 1 IL-1 receptor
- iNOS:
-
Nitric oxide synthase
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- LTD:
-
Long-term depression
- LTP:
-
Long-term potentiation
- MDA:
-
Oxidative stress marker
- miRNA:
-
MicroRNA
- NeuN:
-
Neuronal nuclei
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- NGF:
-
Nerve growth factor
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NPC:
-
Neural progenitor cell
- NSCs:
-
Neural stem cells
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SGZ:
-
Subgranular zone
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SVZ:
-
Subventricular zone
- TLR-2:
-
Toll-like receptor 2
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor α
- TNF-R1:
-
TNF-α type 1 receptor
- tPA:
-
Tissue-type plasminogen activator
- TrkB:
-
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B
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This work was financially supported by the Technological Innovation Guidance Project of Shaanxi Province (No. 2020QFY10-04), National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFE0127000), and General Project of Basic Research of Shaanxi Province (No. 2020JM-603).
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The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. Review design: XZ and XC; writing—original draft preparation: XZ, JH, and YW; revised the figure and table: JH and YW; writing—review and editing: XZ, SZ, and XC.
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Zhu, X., Huang, J., Wu, Y. et al. Effect of Heat Stress on Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Insights into the Cellular and Molecular Basis of Neuroinflammation-Induced Deficits. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43, 1–13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01165-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01165-5