Abstract
This paper presents a simple and upscalable method for enhancing and imparting multifunctionalities onto cellulose nanofiber (CNF) films through nanocoating with polydopamine (PDA). Leveraging a simple two-step process of dopamine seeding and PDA polymerization in mild alkaline Tris–HCl, a uniform and stable PDA nanocoating was successfully formed on the CNF film surface. The resulting PDA-coated CNF films (PDA–CNF) were then thermally annealed at 160 °C to further enhance their multifunctionality. Our results show that the PDA nanocoating profoundly enhanced the films’ UV-shielding properties, Young’s modulus, dielectric properties, and antioxidant activity. FTIR spectra analysis confirmed successful PDA formation onto the CNF surface, and atomic force microscopy revealed a homogenous distribution of nanometer-sized PDA oligomers (~ 170 nm) on the film surface. Moreover, we demonstrated the use of thermally annealed PDA–CNF film as an ascorbic acid detecting electrode, which showed a linear electrochemical response with high stability and excellent reproducibility. These findings contribute to the expanding knowledge of CNF films and their potential as a promising material for various applications.
Graphical abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors will provide the data upon request.
References
Adeosun WA, Asiri AM, Marwani HM, Rahman MM (2020) Enzymeless electrocatalytic detection of uric acid using polydopamine/polypyrrole copolymeric film. ChemistrySelect 5:156–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/SLCT.201903628
Aguilar-Ferrer D, Szewczyk J, Coy E (2022) Recent developments in polydopamine-based photocatalytic nanocomposites for energy production: physico-chemical properties and perspectives. Catal Today 397–399:316–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CATTOD.2021.08.016
Ahankari S, Paliwal P, Subhedar A, Kargarzadeh H (2021) Recent developments in nanocellulose-based aerogels in thermal applications: a review. ACS Nano 15:3849–3874. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSNANO.0C09678
Ang MBMY, Macni CRM, Caparanga AR et al (2020) Mitigating the fouling of mixed-matrix cellulose acetate membranes for oil–water separation through modification with polydopamine particles. Chem Eng Res Des 159:195–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2020.04.015
Barclay TG, Hegab HM, Clarke SR, Ginic-Markovic M (2017) Versatile surface modification using polydopamine and related polycatecholamines: chemistry, structure, and applications. Adv Mater Interfaces 4:1601192. https://doi.org/10.1002/ADMI.201601192
Basu TK, Donaldson D (2003) SCURVY. Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition, pp 5107–5111. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/01057-9
Bernsmann F, Ponche A, Ringwald C et al (2009) Characterization of dopamine-melanin growth on silicon oxide. J Phys Chem C 113:8234–8242. https://doi.org/10.1021/JP901188H/SUPPL_FILE/JP901188H_SI_001.PDF
Bernsmann F, Ball V, Addiego F et al (2011) Dopamine−melanin film deposition depends on the used oxidant and buffer solution. Langmuir 27:2819–2825. https://doi.org/10.1021/LA104981S
Bishai M, De S, Adhikari B, Banerjee R (2014) A comprehensive study on enhanced characteristics of modified polylactic acid-based versatile biopolymer. Eur Polym J 54:52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EURPOLYMJ.2014.01.027
Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Shukla KK et al (2013) Vitamin C in disease prevention and cure: an overview. Ind J Clinic Biochem 28:314–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3
Clarkson CM, Azrak SMEA, Forti ES et al (2021) Recent developments in cellulose nanomaterial composites. Adv Mater 33:2000718. https://doi.org/10.1002/ADMA.202000718
Cui J, Zhang K, Zhang X, Lee Y (2020) A computational study to design zeolite-templated carbon materials with high performance for CO2/N2 separation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 295:109947. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROMESO.2019.109947
Dias OAT, Konar S, Leão AL et al (2020) Current state of applications of nanocellulose in flexible energy and electronic devices. Front Chem 8:420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00420
Ding YH, Floren M, Tan W (2016) Mussel-inspired polydopamine for bio-surface functionalization. Biosurf Biotribol 2:121–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BSBT.2016.11.001
Dong YP, Huang L, Zhang J et al (2012) Electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid at bismuth sulfide nanorod modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 74:189–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.063
Dong L, Liu X, Xiong Z et al (2018) Fabrication of highly efficient ultraviolet absorbing PVDF membranes via surface polydopamine deposition. J Appl Polym Sci 135:45746. https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.45746
Dong L, Deng R, Xiao H et al (2019) Hierarchical polydopamine coated cellulose nanocrystal microstructures as efficient nanoadsorbents for removal of Cr(VI) ions. Cellulose 26:6401–6414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02529-3
Dubrovski PD, Golob D (2009) Effects of woven fabric construction and color on ultraviolet protection. Textle Res J 79:351–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517508090490
El Yakhlifi S, Alfieri ML, Arntz Y et al (2021) Oxidant-dependent antioxidant activity of polydopamine films: the chemistry-morphology interplay. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 614:126134. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COLSURFA.2021.126134
Fan Y, Li X, Yang R (2018) The surface modification methods for constructing polymer-coated stents. Int J Polym Sci 2018:3891686. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3891686
Furtado LM, Ando RA, Petri DFS (2019) Polydopamine-coated cellulose acetate butyrate microbeads for caffeine removal. J Mater Sci 55:3243–3258. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10853-019-04169-1
Ghasemlou M, Daver F, Ivanova EP et al (2021) Surface modifications of nanocellulose: from synthesis to high-performance nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 119:101418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101418
Giese M, Spengler M (2019) Cellulose nanocrystals in nanoarchitectonics—towards photonic functional materials. Mol Syst Des Eng 4:29–48. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8ME00065D
Heise K, Kontturi E, Allahverdiyeva Y et al (2021) Nanocellulose: recent fundamental advances and emerging biological and biomimicking applications. Adv Mater 33:2004349. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202004349
Hilfiker R, Kaufmann W, Reinert G, Schmidt E (1996) Improving sun protection factors of fabrics by applying UV-absorbers. Text Res J 66:61–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051759606600201
Hong G, Meng Y, Yang Z et al (2017) Mussel-inspired polydopamine modification of bamboo fiber and its effect on the properties of bamboo fiber/polybutylene succinate composites. BioResources 12:8419–8442. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.8419-8442
Hong G, Cheng H, Meng Y et al (2018) Mussel-inspired polydopamine as a green, efficient, and stable platform to functionalize bamboo fiber with amino-terminated alkyl for high performance poly(butylene succinate) composites. Polymers (basel) 10:461. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040461
Ju K-Y, Lee Y, Lee S et al (2011) Bioinspired polymerization of dopamine to generate melanin-like nanoparticles having an excellent free-radical-scavenging property. Biomacromol 12:625–632. https://doi.org/10.1021/BM101281B
Kafy A, Akther A, Shishir MIR et al (2016) Cellulose nanocrystal/graphene oxide composite film as humidity sensor. Sens Actuators A Phys 247:221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SNA.2016.05.045
Khalid MY, Al Rashid A, Arif ZU et al (2021) Recent advances in nanocellulose-based different biomaterials: types, properties, and emerging applications. J Mater Res Technol 14:2601–2623. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2021.07.128
Klemm D, Philipp B, Heinze T et al (1998) Comprehensive cellulose chemistry. Wiley
Klemm D, Philipp B, Heinze T et al (1999) Comprehensive cellulose chemistry. Fundamentals and analytical methods, vol 1. Wiley, Hoboken
Lakshminarayanan R, Madhavi S, Sim CPC (2018) Oxidative polymerization of dopamine: a high-definition multifunctional coatings for electrospun nanofibers an overview. In: Yenisetti EC (eds) Dopamine —health and disease. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81036
Lee H, Dellatore SM, Miller WM, Messersmith PB (2007) Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings. Science 318:426. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1147241
Li C, Xu Q, Xu S et al (2017) Synergy of adsorption and photosensitization of graphene oxide for improved removal of organic pollutants. RSC Adv 7:16204–16209. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01244F
Luo Y, Zhang J, Li X et al (2014) The cellulose nanofibers for optoelectronic conversion and energy storage. J Nanomater 2014:654512. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/654512
Mallinson D, Mullen AB, Lamprou DA (2018) Probing polydopamine adhesion to protein and polymer films: microscopic and spectroscopic evaluation. J Mater Sci 53:3198. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10853-017-1806-Y
Malollari KG, Delparastan P et al (2019) Mechanical enhancement of bioinspired polydopamine nanocoatings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:43599–43607. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSAMI.9B15740
Missoum K, Belgacem MN, Bras J (2013) Nanofibrillated cellulose surface modification: a review. Materials 6:1745–1766. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6051745
Muthoka RM, Roy S, Kim HC et al (2021) Polydopamine–cellulose nanofiber composite for flexible electrode material. Smart Mater Struct 30:035025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/abe184
Nishida H, Koga F (2018) Potential of oxidative polymerization coating of cellulose nano-fiber by dopamine. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 368:012043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/368/1/012043
Panicker PS, Agumba DO, Kim J (2022a) High-strength, multifunctional, and long nanocellulose hybrid fibers coated with esterified poly(vinyl alcohol)-citric acid-lignin resin. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 10:10024–10033. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSSUSCHEMENG.2C02785/ASSET/IMAGES/MEDIUM/SC2C02785_0011.GIF
Panicker PS, Kim HC, Agumba DO et al (2022b) Electric field-assisted wet spinning to fabricate strong, tough, and continuous nanocellulose long fibers. Cellulose 29:3499–3511. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-022-04492-Y/FIGURES/7
Panzella L, Melone L, Pezzella A et al (2016) Surface-functionalization of nanostructured cellulose aerogels by solid state eumelanin coating. Biomacromol 17:564–571. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.BIOMAC.5B01497
Qi C, Fu L-H, Xu H et al (2019) Melanin/polydopamine-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Sci China Chem 62:162–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11426-018-9392-6
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A et al (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 26:1231–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
Reshmy R, Philip E, Paul SA et al (2020) Nanocellulose-based products for sustainable applications-recent trends and possibilities. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 19:779–806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09551-z
Rol F, Belgacem MN, Gandini A, Bras J (2019) Recent advances in surface-modified cellulose nanofibrils. Prog Polym Sci 88:241–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROGPOLYMSCI.2018.09.002
Roy S, Rhim JW (2019) Preparation of carrageenan-based functional nanocomposite films incorporated with melanin nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 176:317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COLSURFB.2019.01.023
Roy S, Kim HC, Kim JW et al (2020) Incorporation of melanin nanoparticles improves UV-shielding, mechanical and antioxidant properties of cellulose nanofiber based nanocomposite films. Mater Today Commun 24:100984. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MTCOMM.2020.100984
Ryu JH, Messersmith PB, Lee H (2018) Polydopamine surface chemistry: a decade of discovery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:7523. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSAMI.7B19865
Samyn P (2021a) Polydopamine and cellulose: two biomaterials with excellent compatibility and applicability. Polym Rev 61:814–865. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1896545
Samyn P (2021b) A platform for functionalization of cellulose, chitin/chitosan, alginate with polydopamine: a review on fundamentals and technical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 178:71–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.091
Santos MV, Maturi FE, Pecoraro É et al (2021) Cellulose based photonic materials displaying direction modulated photoluminescence. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9:617328. https://doi.org/10.3389/FBIOE.2021.617328
Seddiqi H, Oliaei E, Honarkar H et al (2021) (2021) Cellulose and its derivatives: towards biomedical applications. Cellulose 28(4):1893–1931. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-020-03674-W
Song W, Zhang S, Fei B, Zhao R (2021) Mussel-inspired polydopamine modification of bamboo flour for superior interfacial compatibility of bamboo plastic composites: influence of oxidant type. Cellulose 28:8567–8580. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10570-021-04089-X
Thakur V, Guleria A, Kumar S et al (2021) Recent advances in nanocellulose processing, functionalization and applications: a review. Mater Adv 2:1872–1895. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00049G
Urdaneta I, Keller A, Atabek O et al (2014) Dopamine adsorption on TiO2 anatase surfaces. J Phys Chem C 118:20688–20693. https://doi.org/10.1021/JP506156E/SUPPL_FILE/JP506156E_SI_001.PDF
Van Hai L, Zhai L, Kim HC et al (2018) Cellulose nanofibers isolated by TEMPO-oxidation and aqueous counter collision methods. Carbohydr Polym 191:65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.008
Van HL, Kafy A, Zhai L et al (2018) Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from recycled and native cellulose resources using tempo oxidation. Cellu Chem Technol 52:215–221
Wang Y, Li T, Ma P et al (2016) Simultaneous enhancements of UV-shielding properties and photostability of poly(vinyl alcohol) via incorporation of Sepia Eumelanin. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:2252–2258. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSSUSCHEMENG.5B01734
Wang Y, Su J, Li T et al (2017) A novel UV-shielding and transparent polymer film: when bioinspired dopamine-melanin hollow nanoparticles join polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:36281–36289. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSAMI.7B08763
Wang G, Zhang J, Lin S et al (2020) Environmentally friendly nanocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals and polydopamine for rapid removal of organic dyes in aqueous solution. Cellulose 27:2085–2097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02944-6
Wei Q, Zhang F, Li J et al (2010) Oxidant-induced dopamine polymerization for multifunctional coatings. Polym Chem 1:1430–1433. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0py00215a
Xiao M, Shawkey MD, Dhinojwala A et al (2020) Bioinspired melanin-based optically active materials. Adv Opt Mater 8:2000932. https://doi.org/10.1002/ADOM.202000932
Yang X, Duan L, Cheng X, Ran X (2016) Effect of polydopamine coating on improving photostability of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s fiber. J Polym Res 23(5):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10965-016-0981-X
Yun G-Y, Kim J-H, Kim J (2009) Dielectric and polarization behaviour of cellulose electro-active paper (EAPap). J Phys D Appl Phys 42:082003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/8/082003
Zaidi SJ, Mauritz KA, Hassan MK (2018) Membrane surface modification and functionalization. In: Jafar Mazumder M, Sheardown H, Al-Ahmed A (eds) Functional polymers. Polymers and polymeric composites: a reference series. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92067-2_11-1
Zhai L, Kim HC, Kim JW, Kim J (2020) Simple centrifugal fractionation to reduce the size distribution of cellulose nanofibers. Sci Rep 10:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68642-7
Zhang HP, Han W, Tavakoli J et al (2019) Understanding interfacial interactions of polydopamine and glass fiber and their enhancement mechanisms in epoxy-based laminates. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 116:62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESA.2018.10.024
Zhu S, Lu Y, Wang S et al (2023) Interface design of stretchable and environment-tolerant strain sensors with hierarchical nanocellulose-supported graphene nanocomplexes. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 164:107313. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPOSITESA.2022.107313
Funding
The National Research Foundation of Korea supported this research through the Creative Research Initiatives Program (NRF-2015R1A3A2066301).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization, JK and RMM; Data curation and experiments, PSP; Writing—original draft preparation, RMM; Visualization, DOA; Writing— review and editing, JK; Supervision, JK. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript. The manuscript was written through the contributions of all authors. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing interests as defined by Springer or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
Ethical approval
The manuscript is submitted to the Cellulose journal solely, and the submitted work is original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language.
Consent for publication
The results/data/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere, nor are they under consideration (from you or one of your Contributing Authors) by another publisher.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Muthoka, R.M., Panicker, P.S., Agumba, D.O. et al. Polydopamine nanocoating on cellulose nanofiber film and its multifunctional behaviors. Cellulose 31, 887–906 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05658-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05658-y