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Supporting Youth Mental Health Through a Health Coaching Intervention with a Mindfulness Component: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial During COVID-19

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Abstract

Background

Youth mental health has declined since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Health coaching and mindfulness-based intervention may support therapeutic processes that promote resilience in the face of risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes. Building Resilience for Healthy Kids (HK) is a school-based intervention designed to support mental health through targeting these processes.

Objective

In this study, we tested HK in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Specifically, we examined intervention effects on the theoretically-informed therapeutic processes of emotion regulation, mindfulness, self-efficacy, and resilience and the clinical outcomes of depression and anxiety symptoms. The trial took place between April and June 2021, offering an opportunity to assess the impact of HK in the context of COVID-19.

Methods

Participants were early adolescents (N = 230), randomized to HK or assessment-only. Participants in the intervention condition received weekly one-on-one sessions with health coaches. All youth completed validated self-report measures at baseline and post-intervention.

Results

Linear mixed effects models indicated that participants who received HK had a greater reduction in emotion regulation difficulties, relative to assessment-only controls (d = 0.84, large effect). Follow-up analyses revealed that youth who endorsed negative affectivity at baseline experienced more benefits than those who did not, and youth who attended more HK sessions increased in self-efficacy, in addition to improved emotion regulation. Intervention effects did not reach significance for other outcomes.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that HK may support youth in reducing difficulties in emotion regulation, which are precursors to the development of mental health concerns in adolescence.

TRN

NCT04202913, 12/16/2019.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Megan J. Moran, Stephen Aichele, Lauren B. Shomaker & Rachel G. Lucas-Thompson

  2. Children’s Hospital Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

    Erin Heberlein

  3. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B265, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Jessica L. Chandrasekhar & Jill L. Kaar

  4. Children’s Hospital Colorado - Aurora, Aurora, CO, USA

    Anne E. Bowen

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Moran, M.J., Aichele, S., Shomaker, L.B. et al. Supporting Youth Mental Health Through a Health Coaching Intervention with a Mindfulness Component: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial During COVID-19. Child Youth Care Forum 53, 645–666 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-023-09764-7

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