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Hydrodeoxygenation of Vapor Anisole over Nickel/Cobalt and Alumina/Zeolite Supported Catalysts

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Abstract

Anisole (methoxybenzene) often serves as a potent biomass model compound in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions with the primary aim to underpin conditions and operations that facilitate conversion of bio-oil into non-oxygenated fuel. However, the majority of studies in literature has focused on its HDO in a solvent environment under excessive conditions of high hydrogen flow rate and elevated pressures. Herein, we investigate HDO of an evaporated stream anisole on a continues flow reactor over four combination of Ni/Co catalysts supported on Zeolite or Al2O3. Catalysts were characterized by various methods which span XRD, SEM-EDS and TPR. The reaction was carried out between 300–600 °C. The highest conversion at 87% was acquired using the Ni–Co/Zeolite catalyst (87%) while producing high yield of phenols and cresols. Synergistic effects brought by the incorporation of Co in the lattice of the catalyst has been discussed. Overall, we obtained a viable HDO path for this biomass model compound using combination of different supported catalysts at moderate operational conditions (relatively intermediate temperatures, ambient pressure, and low H2/Feed ratio).

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Abbreviations

HDO:

Hydrodeoxygenation

XRD:

X-ray Diffraction

TPR:

Temperature Programmed Reduction

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

EDS:

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy

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Acknowledgements

This study has been supported by funds from the Water and Energy Centre at the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), fund code: 12R124.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates

    Ahmad Yaghi, Labeeb Ali, Toyin Shittu, Mohamed S. Kuttiyathil & Mohammednoor Altarawneh

  2. Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates

    Abbas Khaleel

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  1. Ahmad Yaghi
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  2. Labeeb Ali
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  6. Mohammednoor Altarawneh
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Contributions

AY wrote the main manuscript text and performed several experiments, LA prepared Figs. 8 and 9 and MSK prepared Fig. 5, TS prepared Fig. 6, AK prepared and performed experiments related to Fig. 4, MA designed the experimental procedures.

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Correspondence to Mohammednoor Altarawneh.

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Yaghi, A., Ali, L., Shittu, T. et al. Hydrodeoxygenation of Vapor Anisole over Nickel/Cobalt and Alumina/Zeolite Supported Catalysts. Catal Surv Asia 28, 48–57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10563-023-09409-8

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