Abstract
N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) is a promising catalyst in aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons to corresponding hydroperoxides. We have found that a trace amount of Fe(benz)3 or Fe(acac)3 (in concentration of less than 10−1 mmol/l and with the ratio of Fe(III): NHPI = 1:500) considerably accelerates the oxidation of cyclohexene and ethylbenzene, while retaining the selectivity to hydroperoxides at a level of 90%. As a consequence, the reaction temperature could be lowered down to 50–60 °C. The promoting effect of the additives was attributed to the ability of Fe(III) complexes to generate phthalimido-N-oxyl radicals (PINO) without participation in any transformations of hydrocarbon intermediates and hydroperoxides, thus ensuring selective formation and stability of the hydroperoxides.
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ishii Y, Nakayama K, Takeno M, Sakaguchi S, Iwahama T, Nishiyama Y (1995) A novel catalysis of N-hydroxyphthalimide in the oxidation of organic substrates by molecular oxygen. J Org Chem 60:3934–3935
Recupero F, Punta C (2007) Free radical functionalization of organic compounds catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide. Chem Rev 107:3800–3842
Coseri S (2009) Phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical, a powerful catalytic agent: its generation and versatility towards various organic substrates. Catal Rev 51:218–292
Sheldon RA, Arends IWCE (2004) Organocatalytic oxidations mediated by nitroxyl radicals. Adv Synth Catal 346:1051–1071
Sheldon RA, Arends IWCE (2006) Catalytic oxidation mediated by metal ions and nitroxyl radicals. J Mol Catal A 251:200–214
Ishii Y, Sakaguchi S (2006) Recent Progress in Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons by N-hydroxyimides. Catal Today 117:105–113 and references therein
Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alvaro M, Garcia H (2012) Aerobic oxidation of cycloalkenes catalyzed by iron metal organic framework containing N-hydroxyphthalimide. J Catal 289:259–265
Gao B, Meng S, Yang X (2015) Synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing N-hydroxyphthalimide on polymer microspheres and catalytic performance of solid catalyst in oxidation of ethylbenzene by molecular oxygen. Org Process Res Dev 19:1374–1382
Latka P, Kasperczyk K, Orlinska B, Drozdek M, Skorupska B, Witek E (2016) N-hydroxyphthalimide immobilized on poly(HEA-co-DVB) as catalyst for aerobic oxidation processes. Catal Lett 146:1991–2000
Huang C, Liu R, Yang C, Zhu H (2017) Iron(II) phthalocyanine immobilized SBA-15 catalysts: preparation, characterization and application for toluene selective aerobic oxidation. Inorg Chim Acta 467:307–315
Bao L, Li X, Wu Z, Yuan X, Luo H (2016) N-hydroxyphthalimide incorporated onto Cu-BTC metal organic frameworks: an novel catalyst for aerobic oxidation of toluene. Res Chem Intermed 42:5527–5529
Faraji AR, Mosazadeh S, Ashouri F (2017) Synthesis and characterization of cobalt-supported catalysts on modified magnetic nanoparticle: green and highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene, cyclohexene and oximes with molecular oxygen. J Colloid Interface Sci 506:10–26
Tan Z, Zhu J, Yang W (2017) Conjugated copper(II) porphyrin polymer and N-hydroxyphthalimide as effective catalysts for selective oxidation of cyclohexylbenzene. Catal Commun 94:60–64
Gao B, Bi C (2018) Some catalytic characteristics of compositional catalysts of immobilized N-hydroxyphthalimide and metal salts in aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol. Catal Commun 115:6–11
Łatka P, Berniak T, Drozdek M, Witek E, Kuśtrowski P (2018) Formation of N-hydroxyphthalimide species in poly(vinyl-diisopropyl-phtalate ester-co-styrene-co-divinylbenzene) and its application in aerobic oxidation of p-methoxytoluene. Catal Commun 115:73–77
Mahmood S, Xu B-H, Ren T-L, Zhang Z-B, Liu X-M, Zyfng S-J (2018) Cobalt/N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons with ionic liquid additive. Mol Catal 447:90–96
Urgoitia G, San Martin R, Herrero MT, Dominguez E (2018) Recent advances in homogeneous metal-catalyzed aerobic C-H oxidation of benzylic compounds. Catalysts 8:640
Faraji AR, Ashouri F, Hekmatian Z, Heydari S, Mosazadeh S (2019) Organosuperbase dendron manganese complex grafted on magnetic nanoparticles; heterogeneous catalyst for green and selective oxidation of ethylbenzene, cyclohexene and oximes by molecular oxygen. Polyhedron 157:90–106
Melone L, Punta C (2013) Metal-free aerobic oxidations mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide. A concise review. Beilstein J Org Chem 9:1296–1310 and references therein
Liu G, Tang R, Wang Z (2014) Metal-free allylic oxidation with molecular oxygen catalyzed by g-C3N4 and N-hydroxyphthalimide. Catal Lett 144:717–722
Zao Q, Chen K, Zhang W, Yao J, Li H (2015) Efficient metal-free oxidation of ethylbenzene with molecular oxygen utilizing the synergistic combination of NHPI analogues. J Mol Catal A 402:79–82
Hu Y, Chen L, Li B (2016) NHPI/tert-butyl nitrite: a highly efficient metal-free catalytic system for aerobic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Catal Commun 83:82–87
Blandez JF, Navalón S, Álvaro M, García H (2018) N-hydroxyphthalimide anchored on diamond nanoparticles as a selective heterogeneous metal-free oxidation catalyst of benzylic hydrocarbons and cyclic alkenes by molecular O2. ChemCatChem 10:198–205
Arends IWCE, Sasidharan M, Kühnle A, Duda M, Jost C, Sheldon RA (2002) Selective catalytic oxidation of cyclohexylbenzene to cyclohexylbenzene-1-hydroperoxide: a coproduct-free route to phenol. Tetrahedron 58:9055–9061
Orlińska B, Zawadiak J (2013) Aerobic oxidation of isopropylaromatic hydrocarbons to hydroperoxides catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide. React Kinet Mech Catal 110:15–30
Kurganova EA, Koshel’ GN (2016) Liquid-phase oxidation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons and their cyclohexyl derivatives to hydroperoxides in the presence of phthalimide catalysts. Rus J Gen Chem 86:1520–1530
Kuznetsova NI, Kuznetsova LI, Yakovina OA, Babushkin DE, Bal’zhinimaev BS (2018) The N-hydroxyphthalimide catalyzed oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexenyl hydroperoxide: reasons for deactivation and stability of the catalyst. Catal Commun 114:84–88
Melone L, Franchi P, Lucarini M, Punta C (2013) Sunlight induced oxidative photoactivation of N-hydroxyphthalimide mediated by naphthalene imides. Adv Synth Catal 355:3210–3220
Kuznetsova LI, Kuznetsova NI, Yakovina OA, Zudin VN, Bal’zhinimaev BS (2018) Effect of transition metal compounds on the cyclohexene oxidation catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide. Kinet Catal 59:735–743
Miao C, Zhao H, Zhao Q, Xiaa C, Sun W (2016) NHPI and ferric nitrate: a mild and selective system for aerobic oxidation of benzylic methylenes. Catal Sci Technol 6:1378–1383
Bauer L, Miarka SV (1957) The chemistry of N-hydroxyphthalimide. J Am Chem Soc 79:1983–1985
Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Shelimov BN, Lokshin BV, Garbuzova IA, Tafeenko VA, Chernyshev VV, Budnikov AS, Nikishin GI, Terent’ev AO (2017) Selective cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling of N-hydroxy compounds with pyrazolones. Introduction of the diacetyliminoxyl radical into the practice of organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 4:1947–1957
Zhang C, Huang Z, Lu J, Luo N, Wang F (2018) Generation and confinement of long-lived N-oxyl radical and its photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 140:2032
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Dr. T.V. Larina for UV–Vis spectroscopy. This work was supported by budget project No 0303-2016-0006 for Boreskov Institute of Catalysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kuznetsova, N.I., Kuznetsova, L.I., Yakovina, O.A. et al. An Improved Catalytic Performance of Fe(III)-promoted NHPI in the Oxidation of Hydrocarbons to Hydroperoxides. Catal Lett 150, 1020–1027 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02999-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02999-x