Incidence and 5-year survival rate for head and neck cancers in Grenada compared to the African American population over the period 1991–2010

Abstract

Very little data exist on the incidence and burden of cancer in the individual Caribbean countries. Some data are available for larger areas, reported under a bigger geographical region; Latin America and the Caribbean, but many of the individual countries are not included. One of the main reasons is a lack of official cancer registries. Data are usually collected from hospital records or private physician records, and since it is not in an official registry, these data are not always accessible for inclusion in databases such as SEER and GLOBOCAN. Grenada is one of the countries that currently does not have a registry. Our aim is to report on the incidence for head and neck cancer with subcategories; hypopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, and larynx from data collected by the sole ear nose and throat specialist over a 20-year period. The age adjusted incidence per 100,000 for these cancers, whether combined or individually, is lower than that of similar populations. The incidence in males is only slightly higher than those reported in some parts of Africa. In females, only Eastern Africa is reported to have a lower incidence than that found in our study. While the incidence of oral cancers is lower than that of African Americans, the survival rate is comparable. Socioeconomic status, lack of infrastructure, and advanced stage at diagnosis appear to be closely related to the survival rate. Incidence reports suggest that incidence of head and neck cancers in individuals of African descent is lower than other populations. It is therefore not surprising that the incidence in Grenada is relatively low, although the incidence may be underestimated.