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Long-term locoregional recurrence in patients treated for breast cancer

  • Epidemiology
  • Published:
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background/Purpose

Locoregional control in breast cancer is a fundamental part of treatment and determinant for survival outcomes. It has been reported that most locoregional recurrence (LRR) events occur in the first 5 years after treatment. However, LRR continue to occur after this timeline, with unclear risk factors and unknown survival impact.

Methods

Retrospective singe-centered cohort of patients treated for primary breast cancer, between January 2002 and December 2004. Primary outcome was LRR; secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and predictive factors for LRR.

Results

This analysis included 1001 patients, of which 959 (95%) had invasive carcinoma. A mastectomy was performed in 501 (50%) and 500 (50%) had breast conservative surgery (BCS). Median follow-up time was 197 [Inter-quartile range (IQR) 96–211] months. Global LRR rate was 7.6%, with median time to recurrence of 45 [IQR 21–91] months. There was no difference in LRR rate after mastectomy vs BCS, adjusted to tumor stage (p > 0.05). The 10-year OS and DFS rates were 68.4 and 77.8%, respectively. Factors associated with LRR were metastatic axillary lymph nodes and high histologic grade (p < 0.05). Estrogen-negative (ER) tumors had higher LRR rates than ER-positive tumors in the first 5 years (p < 0.05); but no difference was observed with longer follow-up (p > 0.05). LRR was associated with OS (p < 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusions

Global LRR in this cohort was 7.6% (with over 16 years of follow-up). LRR associates with decreased OS. Time to LRR varies significantly with tumor biology, supporting differentiation of follow-up regimens.

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Data availability

Data are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Breast Clinic, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Clínica da Mama, Rua Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal

    Beatriz Costeira, Francisca Brito da Silva, Filipa Fonseca, Rodrigo Oom, Cristina Costa, João Vargas Moniz & Catarina Rodrigues Santos

  2. Department of General Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Serviço de Cirurgia, Rua Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal

    Beatriz Costeira & Nuno Abecasis

  3. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal

    Catarina Rodrigues Santos

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Correspondence to Beatriz Costeira.

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Presented as oral communication in the 40th Congress of the European Society of Surgical Oncology, November 2021.

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Costeira, B., da Silva, F.B., Fonseca, F. et al. Long-term locoregional recurrence in patients treated for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 202, 551–561 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-023-07089-6

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