Abstract
This study, performed during 2003–2005 and 2008–2009, investigated metals (Al, Fe, Ba, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd) content in seston at Cabo Frio Bay, SE–Brazil. This study may serve as a baseline of seston metal distribution to guide biogeochemical and ecological models. The seston fractions (> 20 µm, > 64 µm, > 100 µm, and > 150 µm) were sampled in sub-surface horizontal hauls. Metals were determined by ICP-MS. The metals range: Al (62.5–56,867.6 µg g−1), Fe (23.5–25,384.0 µg g−1), Mn (2.7–336.8 µg g−1), Ba (< 0.005–356.3 µg g−1), Zn (0.5–94.2 µg g−1), Cr (0.7–35.5 µg g−1), Cu (4.3–41.7 µg g−1), Ni (< 0.005–19.1 µg g−1) and Cd (< 0.0004–2.4 µg g−1). Aluminium, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Zn showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the seston fraction. The results obtained in this study suggest that the elements (Fe, Mn, Ba) in the seston were strongly influenced by the abiogenic source. In contrast, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni can be biogenic/anthropogenic sources. The significant positive linear correlation of Zn:P, Cd:P, and Cu:P can indicate an intracellular concentration higher than the external adsorption in the plankton community.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Absalão RS (1989) Padrões distributivos e zoogeografica dos moluscos da plataforma continental brasileira. Parte III. Com. Ocean. E.S.I. Memórias do Instituto Osvaldo Cruz 84(4):1–6
Albuquerque ALS, Belem AL, Zuluaga FJB et al (2014) Particle fluxes and bulk geochemical characterization of the Cabo Frio upwelling system in Southeastern Brazil: sediment trap experiments between Spring 2010 and Summer 2012. An Acad Bras Cienc 86(2):601–619. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652014107212
Ara K (2001) Length-weight relationships and chemical content of the planktonic copepods in the Cananéia Lagoon estuarine system. Plankton Biol Ecol 48(2):121–127
Arnot JA, Gobas FAPC (2006) A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. Environ Rev 14:257–297. https://doi.org/10.1139/A06-005
Bassani C, Bonecker ACT, Bonecker SLC et al (1999) Plâncton do litoral norte do estado do Rio de janeiro (21º00′ a 23º30′S)- Análise e síntese do conhecimento. Oecol Bras 7:99–120. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2010000600003
Belem AL, Castelao RM, Albuquerque ALS (2013) Controls of subsurface temperature variability in a western boundary upwelling system. Geophys Res Lett 40:1366. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50297
Bennio L, Brotzu P, Gomes CB et al (2002) Petrological, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic features of alkaline rocks from the Arraial do Cabo Frio peninsula (southeastern Brazil). Period Di Miner 71(2):137–158
Bernstein RE, Byrne RH (2004) Acantharians and marine barite. Mar Chem 86:45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2003.12.003
Bertram MA, Cowen JP (1997) Morphological and compositional evidence for biotic precipitation of marine barite. J Mar Res 55:577–593. https://doi.org/10.1357/0022240973224292
Bishop JKB (1988) The barite-opal-organic carbon association in oceanic particulate matter. Nature 332:341–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/332341a0
Brasileiro PS, Valentin YY, Bahia RG et al (2009) Algas Marinhas bentônicas da região de Cabo Frio e arredores: síntese do conhecimento. Rodriguésia 60(1):39–66
Bruland KW, Donut JR, Hutchins DA (1991) Interactive influences of bioactive trace metals on biological production in ocean waters. Limnol Oceanogr 36:1555–1577. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1555
Castro BM, Lorenzzetti JA, Silveira ICA et al (2006) Estrutura termohalina e circulação na Região entre Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) e o Chuí (Rs). In: Rossi-Wongtschowski CLDB, Madureira LS (eds) O ambiente oceanográfico da plataforma continental e do talude na região sudeste-sul do Brasil. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, pp 11–120
Cerda C, Castro BM (2014) Hydrographic climatology of South Brazil Bight shelf waters between Sao Sebastiao (24°S) and Cabo Sao Tome (22°S). Cont Shelf Res 89:5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.11.003
Coelho-Souza SA, López MS, Guimarães JRD et al (2012) Biophysical interactions in the Cabo Frio upwelling system, Southeastern Brazil. Braz J Oceanogr 60(3):353–365. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592012000300008
Coelho-Souza SA, Pereira GC, Coutinho R et al (2013) Yearly variations of bacterial production in the Arraial do Cabo protection area (Cabo Frio upwelling region): an evidence of anthropogenic pressure. Braz J Microbiol 44(4):1349–1357. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822013000400046
Coelho-Souza SA, Pereira GC, Lopez MS et al (2017) Seasonal sources of carbon to the Brazilian upwelling system. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 194:162–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.013
Coleman JE (1998) Zinc enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2:222–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(98)80064-1
Cullen JT, Lane TW, Morel FMM et al (1999) Modulation of cadmium uptake in phytoplankton by seawater CO2 concentration. Nature 402:165–167. https://doi.org/10.1038/46007
Cullen JT, Chase Z, Coale KH et al (2003) Effect of iron limitation on the cadmium to phosphorus ratio of natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Southern Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 48:1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1079
Cury JC, Araujo FV, Coelho-Souza SA et al (2011) Microbial diversity of a Brazilian Coastal Region influenced by an upwelling system and anthropogenic activity. PLoS ONE 6(1):e16553. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016553
Depledge MH (1989) Re-evaluation of metabolic requirements for copper and zinc in decapod crustaceans. Mar Environ Res 27:115–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(89)90003-2
Di Beneditto APM, Bitter VT, Camargo PB et al (2012) Mercury and nitrogen isotope in a marine species from a tropical coast food web. Arch Environ Cont Toxicol 62(2):264–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-011-9701-z
Diniz AG, Hamacher C, Wagener ALR et al (2003) Is copper an inhibiting factor for primary production in the upwelling waters of Cabo Frio? J Braz Chem Soc 14(5):815–821. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532003000500018
Falkowski PG, Barber RT, Smetacek V (1998) Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 281(5374):200–206. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.200
Fernandes LDA, Quintanilha J, Monteiro-Ribas W et al (2012) Seasonal and interannual coupling between sea surface temperature, phytoplankton and meroplankton in the subtropical south-western Atlantic Ocean. J Plankton Res 34(3):236–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbr106
Figueiredo JL, Menezes NA (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil III, Teleostei (2). Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia
Fisher NS, Stupakoff I, Sañudo-Wilhelmy S et al (2000) Trace metals in marine copepods: a field test of a bioaccumulation model coupled to laboratory uptake kinetics data. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 194:2011–2018. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps194211
Fishwick MP, Ussher SJ, Sedwick PN et al (2018) Impact of surface ocean conditions and aerosol provenance on the dissolution of aerosol manganese, cobalt, nickel and lead in seawater. Mar Chem 198:28–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.11.003
Fitzsimons MF, Lohan MC, Tappin AD et al (2011) The role of suspended particles in estuarine and coastal biogeochemistry. In: Wolaski E, Mclusky D (eds) Treatise on estuarine and coastal science, vol 4. Boston, Academic Press, pp 71–114
Franchito SH, Oda TO, Rao VB et al (2008) Interaction between coastal upwelling and local winds at Cabo Frio, Brazil: an observational study. J App Meteorol Climatol 47(6):1590–1598. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1660.1
Francioni E, Wagener ALR, Calixto RC et al (2004) Evaluation of Perna perna (Linné, 1758) as a tool to monitoring trace metals contamination in estuarine and coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Braz Chem Soc 15(1):103–110
Gerringa LJA, Rijkenberg MJA, Schoemann V et al (2015) Organic complexation of iron in the West Atlantic Ocean. Mar Chem 177:434–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.007
Gregoracci GB, Soares ACDS, Miranda MD et al (2015) Insights into the microbial and viral dynamics of a coastal downwelling-upwelling transition. PLoS ONE 10(9):e0137090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137090
Guenther M, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Carvalho WF et al (2008) Plankton trophic structure and particulate organic carbon production during a coastal downwelling-upwelling cycle. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 363:109–119. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07458
Gurgel FOMJ, Rosman PCC, Oliveira ARMB et al (2017) Análise da circulação hidrodinâmica nas enseadas de Arraial do Cabo (RJ) no período do inverno. XII Simpósio sobre Ondas, Marés, Engenharia Oceânica e Oceanografia por Satélite. http://www.redebim.dphdm.mar.mil.br:8080/pergamumweb/vinculos/000016/00001659.pdf
Ho T-Y, Quigg A, Finkel ZV et al (2003) The elemental composition of some marine phytoplankton. J Phycol 39:1145–1159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.03-090.x
Ho T-Y, Wen LS, You CF et al (2007) The trace-metal composition of size-fractionated plankton in the South China Sea: biotic versus abiotic sources. Limnol Oceanogr 52(5):1776–1788. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.1776
Horner TJ, Kinsley CW, Nielsen SG (2015) Barium-isotopic fractionation in seawater mediated by barite cycling and oceanic circulation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 430:511–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.027
Hsieh Y-T, Henderson GM (2017) Barium stable isotopes in the global ocean: tracer of Ba inputs and utilization. Earth Planet Sci Lett 473:269–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.06.024
Hutchins DA, Wang WX, Schmidt MA et al (1999) Dual-labeling techniques for trace metal biogeochemical investigations in aquatic plankton communities. Aquat Microb Ecol 19:129–138. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame019129
Kütter VT, Wallner-Kersanach M, Sella SM et al (2014a) Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry of plankton and the nutrient regime in Cabo Frio Bay, SE Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 186(1):559–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3399-5
Kütter VT, Montes-Bayón M, Sella SM et al (2014b) Vanadium-binding protein in marine plankton from tropical South Atlantic Ocean. J Braz Chem Soc 25(6):1116–1123. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140088
Lagerström M, Ytreberg E (2021) Quantification of Cu and Zn in antifouling paint films by XRF. Talanta 223:121820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121820
Lane ES, Semeniuk DM, Strzepek RF et al (2009) Effects of iron limitation on intracellular cadmium of cultured phytoplankton: implications for surface dissolved cadmium to phosphate ratios. Mar Chem 115(3–4):155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.07.008
Lee JG, Morel MM (1995) Replacement of zinc by cadmium in marine phytoplankton. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 127:305–309. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps127305
Li S-X, Liu F-J, Zheng F-Y et al (2013) Effects of nitrate addition and iron speciation on trace element transfer in coastal food webs under phosphate and iron enrichment. Chemosphere 91(11):1486–1494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.018
Liao WS, Yang SC, Ho TY (2017) Trace metal composition of size-fractionated plankton in the Western Philippine Sea: the impact of anthropogenic aerosol deposition. Limnol Oceanogr 62:2243–2259. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10564
Lino AS, Galvão PMA, Longo RTL et al (2015) Metal bioaccumulation in consumed marine bivalves in Southeast Brazilian coast. J Trace Elem Med Biol 34:50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.12.004
Lopes RM, Brandini FP, Gaeta SA (1999) Distribution patterns of epipelagic copepods off Rio de Janeiro (SE Brazil) in summer 1991/1992 and winter 1992. Hydrobiologia 411:161–174. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003859107041
Lu P-J, Huang S-C, Chen Y-P et al (2015) Analysis of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in cosmetics. J Food Drug Anal 23(3):587–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2015.02.009
Marone E, Knoppers B, Souza WFL et al (2010) The Brazil current: physical and biogeochemical domains. In: Liu KK, Atkinson L, Quiñones R, Talaue-McManus L (eds) Carbon and nutrient fluxes in continental margins. A global synthesis. The IGBP series, Global Change. Springer, Berlin, pp 153–171
Martin JH, Knauer GA (1973) The elemental composition of plankton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:1639–1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90154-3
McManus GB, Costas BA, Dam HG et al (2007) Microzooplankton grazing of phytoplankton in a tropical upwelling region. Hydrobiologia 575:69–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0279-9
Monterroso P, Abreu SN, Pereira E et al (2003) Estimation of Cu, Cd and Hg transported by plankton from a contaminated area (Ria de Aveiro). Acta Oecol 24:S351–S357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00033-X
Moran SB, Moorer RM (1992) Kinetics of the removal of dissolved aluminum by diatoms in seawater: a comparison with thorium. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3365–3374. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90384-U
Morel FM, Price NM (2003) The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the Oceans. Science 300:944–947. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1083545
Morel FMM, Hudson RJM, Price NM (1991) Limitation of productivity by trace metals in the sea. Limnol Oceanogr 36(8):1742–1755. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1742
Moser GAO, Gianesella-Galvão MF (1997) Biological and oceanographic upwelling indicator of Cabo Frio (RJ). Rev Bras Oceanogr 45(1–2):11–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-77391997000100002
Moser GAO, Takanohashi RA, de Chagas Braz M et al (2014) Phytoplankton spatial distribution on the Continental Shelf off Rio de Janeiro, from Paraíba do Sul River to Cabo Frio. Hydrobiologia 728:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1791-3
Motoki A, Araújo AL, Sichel SE et al (2013) Nepheline Syenite magma differentiation with continental crustal assimilation for the Cabo Frio island intrusive complex, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Geociencias 32(2):195–218
Oliveira MMF, Pereira GC, Oliveira JLF et al (2013) Effects of sea level variation on biological and chemical concentrations in a coastal upwelling ecosystem. J Environ Prot. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.411A008
Oliveira MMF, Pereira GC, Ebecken NFF et al (2015) Multivariate analysis of extreme physical, biological and chemical patterns in the dynamics of aquatic ecosystem. J Environ Prot 6:885–901. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2015.68080
Oliveira RR, Pezzi LP, Souza RB et al (2019) First measurements of the ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes at the Cabo Frio upwelling system region, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Cont Shelf Res 181:135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2019.05.008
Pereira GC, Coutinho R, Ebecken NFF (2008) Data mining for environmental analysis and diagnostic: a case study of upwelling ecosystem of Arraial do Cabo. Braz J Oceanogr 56(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592008000100001
Pereira GC, De Figuiredo AR, Jabor PM et al (2010) Assessing the ecological status of plankton in Anjos Bay: a flow cytometry approach. Biogeosciecnes 7:6243–6264. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6243-2010
Pereira GC, Oliveira MMF, Andrade LP et al (2016) SiMoCo: the viability of a prototype platform for a coastal monitoring system: a case study. J Mar Sci Technol 21:651–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-016-0380-3
Quigg A, Finkel ZV, Irwin AJ et al (2003) The evolutionary inheritance of elemental stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton. Nature 425:291–294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01953
Rau GH, Teyssie J-L, Rassoulzadegan F et al (1990) 13C/12C and 15N/14N variations among size fractionated marine particles: implications for their origin and trophic relationships. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 59:33–38
Rosa JCL, Monteiro-Ribas WM, Fernandes LDA (2016) Herbivorous copepods with emphasis on dynamic Paracalanus quasimodo in an upwelling region. Braz J Oceanogr 64(1):67–74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592016105906401
Rossi N, Jamet J (2008) In situ heavy metals (copper, lead and cadmium) in different plankton compartments and suspended particulate matter in two coupled Mediterranean coastal ecosystems (Toulon Bay, France). Mar Pollut Bull 56:1862–1870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.018
Rua CPJ, Trindade-Silva AE, Appolinario LR et al (2014) Diversity and antimicrobial potential of culturable heterotrophic bacteria associated with the endemic marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis. PeerJ 2:e419. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.419
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry. The crust, vol 3. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4
Schwamborn R, Voss M, Ekau W et al (1999) Stable isotope composition of particulate organic matter and zooplankton in NE Brazilian shelf waters. Arch Fish Mar Res 47(2/3):201–210
Seixas TG, Moreira I, Siciliano S et al (2014) Mercury and selenium in tropical marine plankton and their trophic successors. Chemosphere 11:32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.003
Seixas TG, Moreira I, Kehrig HA (2015) Mercury and selenium in seston, marine plankton and fish (Sardinella brasiliensis) as a tool for understanding a tropical food web. Mar Pollut Bull 101(1):366–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.016
Sella SM, Neves AF, Moreira JC et al (2006) Biogenic vanadium in total suspended particulate matter from Cabo Frio upwelling region, Southeast, Brazil. Atmos Environ 40(32):6181–6191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.058
Silva-Filho EV, Paiva RP, Wasserman JC et al (1998) Geochemical characterization of rain water particulate material on a coastal sub-tropical region in SE–Brazil. J Braz Chem Soc 9(5):482–486. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50531998000500013
Silva-Filho EV, Kütter VT, Figueiredo TS et al (2014) Mercury speciation in plankton from the Cabo Frio Bay, SE–Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 186:8141–8150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3992-2
Singh N, Turner A (2009) Trace metals in antifouling paint particles and their heterogeneous contamination of coastal sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 58(4):559–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.11.014
Sinoir M, Butler ECV, Bowie AR et al (2012) Zinc marine biogeochemistry in seawater: a review. Mar Fresh Res 63:644–657. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF11286
Sunda WG (1989) Trace metal interactions with marine phytoplankton. Biol Oceanogr 6(5–6):411–442
Sunda WG (2010) Trace element nutrients. In: Steele JH, Thorpe SA, Turekian KK (eds) Encyclopedia of ocean sciences: marine chemistry and geochemistry, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York
Turner JT (2015) Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the ocean’s biological pump. Prog Oceanogr 130:205–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.005
Twining BS, Baines SB (2013) The trace metal composition of marine phytoplankton. Annu Rev Mar Sci 5:191–215. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172322
Twining BS, Baines SB, Bozard JB et al (2011) Metal quotas of plankton in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res II(58):325–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.018
Valentin JL (2001) The Cabo Frio upwelling system. In: Seeliger U, Kjerfve H (eds) Coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America. Springer, São Paulo, pp 97–105
Wang W (2002) Interactions of trace metals and different marine food chains. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 243:295–309. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps243295
Wang W, Dei RCH (2001) Influences of phosphate and silicate on Cr(VI) and Se(IV) accumulation in marine phytoplankton. Aquat Toxicol 52:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00132-6
Wang WX, Fisher NS (1998) Accumulation of trace elements in marine copepods. Limnol Oceanogr 43:273–278. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.2.0273
Wang W, Dei RCH, Xu Y (2001) Cadmium uptake and trophic transfer in coastal plankton under contrasting nitrogen regimes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 211:293–298. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps211293
Wang M, Wang D, Wang G et al (2007) Influence of N, P additions on the transfer of nickel from phytoplankton to copepods. Environ Pollut 148:679–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.014
Xu Y, Morel FMM (2013) Cadmium in marine phytoplankton. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel R (eds) Cadmium: from toxicity to essentiality metal ions in life sciences, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht
Xu Y, Wang WX (2001) Individual responses of metal assimilation and regeneration by copepod Calanus sinicus to changes in food quantity. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 218:227–238. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps218227
Yigiterhan O, Al-Ansari EM, Nelson A et al (2020) Trace element composition of size-fractionated suspended particulate matter samples from the Qatari Exclusive Economic Zone of the Arabian Gulf: the role of atmospheric dust. Biogeosciences 17:381–404. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-381-2020
Acknowledgements
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. This study was supported by the Geochemistry Network from PETROBRAS/Cenpes and the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), Brazil (grant 0050.004388.08.9) within the scope of the Upwelling Project (Projeto Ressurgência). The authors would like to thank CAPES (PDEE 455209-1). The Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM). Dsc. Eliane Gonzalez-Rodriguez and PhD Sergio de Oliveira Lourenço gave valuable support for the execution of this work. A. Albuquerque, O. Aguilera and E. Silva-Filho are senior researchers for the National Council for Research and Development (CNPq, Brazil).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
VTK: Conceptualization, sampling, and analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. ALSA: Funding acquisition, review & editing. JCM: analysis, review & editing. EVA: review & editing. OA: review & editing. EVSF: Funding acquisition, analysis, review & editing. All authors read and approved the final version of the article.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kütter, V.T., Albuquerque, A.L.S., Moreira, J.C. et al. Metals in seston from Cabo Frio Bay, a region under the influence of upwelling in SE–Brazil. Biometals 36, 49–66 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00457-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00457-7