Abstract
The leaching of contaminants is a complex, pivotal process for understanding how biochar can immobilize them effectively. In this study, we investigated the impact of biochar, produced at different temperatures, on the behavior of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in leached sediments. Before leaching, we combined biochar with sediment, allowing it to naturally age for 365 days. The biochar derived from sugarcane straw was pyrolyzed at 350 °C (BC350), 550 °C (BC550), and 750 °C (BC750). Using UV–Vis spectroscopy, we assessed changes in dissolved organic carbon quality and examined geochemical alterations employing high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS). The addition of biochar decreased Pb mobility while increasing As mobility. The extent of immobilization varied depending on the pyrolysis temperature: BC750 notably reduced Pb leaching by 54%, whereas BC350 enhanced As mobility by 2.5 times. Although no leaching of monomethylarsonic or dimethylarsinic acids occurred, both BC350 and BC750 amplified As3+ leaching by 2.5 times. In summary, biochar addition at different temperatures altered the environmental fate of As and Pb. Higher pyrolysis temperatures, as seen with BC750, were more effective in mitigating Pb mobility, reducing sediment leaching by 54%. Interestingly, exogenous dissolved organic carbon and phosphorus promoted As leaching.
Highlights
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Biochar temp influenced As/Pb mobility in sediment.
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750 °C pyrolysis notably reduced Pb leaching by 54%.
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Lower temperature (350 °C) increased As mobility 2.5 times.
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External carbon/phosphorus boosted As leaching.
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550 °C biochar was more effective against As3+ leaching.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the data being used in meta-analysis but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Matheus Bortolanza Soares gratefully thanks the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant #2019/06897-9) and the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant #140830/2018-9) for the scholarship granted for this research. Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni thanks CNPq (grant #306429/2018-7) for the scholarship granted for this research. Our gratitude to Merieux Nutriscience, located in Piracicaba, SP, Brazilian Branch, through its ABNT/NBR ISO/IEC 17025-2017 Accredited Laboratory, for the excellence in carrying out high accurate and precise As speciation. This study was partially funded by CNPq and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
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Soares, M.B., Ferreira, J.R., Colzato, M. et al. Role of Pyrolysis Temperature on Arsenic and Lead Leaching Potential in a Biochar-Amended Sediment. Int J Environ Res 18, 51 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-024-00604-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-024-00604-7