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Effect of aluminum on growth and herbicide resistance in Commelina communis and Tradescantia fluminensis, two invasive weed species in tea gardens

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Abstract

Tea gardens are established on acidic soils (pH < 5.5) and undergo extensive fertilization to maximize yield, which inadvertently promotes the proliferation of various weed species. Commelina communis and Tradescantia fluminensis (Commelinaceae) are major threats to tea plantations causing the highest destruction compared to other weed species. This study investigated the mechanisms behind the tolerance exhibited toward elevated aluminum (Al) concentrations in acidic soils and its contribution to these species’ invasive behavior and herbicide resistance. Both species displayed only a 17–22% reduction in biomass under 400 µM Al, and the Al accumulation remained low, ranging between 100 and 200 µg g−1 DW. Interestingly, C. communis responded to low to moderate Al levels (50–150 µM Al3+) with growth stimulation. Antioxidant enzyme activity and flavonoid and anthocyanin leaf concentrations increased with Al treatment concentrations. Surprisingly, exposure of plants to Al, particularly at the 50 µM threshold, resulted in a significant reduction in leaf damage inflicted by a spectrum of herbicides (paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim, and 2,4-D), with the effect more pronounced in C. communis. Our results demonstrate that enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of detoxifying metabolites, coupled with the accumulation of pivotal intermediates of metabolic pathways under Al treatment collectively contribute to enhanced resistance against an array of herbicides. These findings provide insights into the invasive propensity of C. communis and T. fluminensis, particularly in acidic soil conditions prevalent in tea gardens.

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The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the University of Tabriz. Roghieh Hajiboland was supported by a grant from the University of Tabriz (Grant No. 3/408447; 2023/04/18).

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  1. Fatemeh Nazari and Parviz Mohammadzadeh contribute equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran

    Roghieh Hajiboland, Fatemeh Nazari, Parviz Mohammadzadeh, Zahra Shafagh & Behzad Nezhadasad

  2. Tea Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, AREEO, Lahijan, Iran

    Ehsan Kahneh

  3. Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran

    Aiuob Moradi

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  1. Roghieh Hajiboland
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Hajiboland, R., Nazari, F., Mohammadzadeh, P. et al. Effect of aluminum on growth and herbicide resistance in Commelina communis and Tradescantia fluminensis, two invasive weed species in tea gardens. Biol Invasions (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03318-1

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