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Dendroecology of Pinus elliottii Engelm. reveals waves of invasion in a neotropical savanna

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Abstract

Despite advances in understanding the ecology and consequences of pine invasions, information on the patterns of structure, dynamics, and growth needed to manage these invasive populations are still poorly known. Here we used tree ring analysis to elucidate growth dynamics, age distribution and fire effects, by sampling three populations of slash pine invading Cerrado vegetation in southeastern Brazil. We found that the invasion occurred in waves, every 5–7 years. These pulses are likely related to the time needed by founder trees to reach maturity, and to climatic events. We found distinct growth patterns among the three study areas. Individual trees in the open sites, under low competition for light, showed an increasing trend of diameter and of the basal area growth rates with age. In the dense stands, however, the diameter increment rates gradually decreased with age, as the competition for light was intensified, and the basal area growth rate increased at lower rates. Growth rates were markedly reduced after fire, likely due to fire impact on the canopies, reducing photosynthesis. Fire scars in the wood allowed us to confirm that the formation of the tree rings occurs annually. When competition for light intensifies as the canopy of the stand closes, the invasive populations experience reduced individual growth of adult trees and constraints to the recruitment of young individuals. We did not find, however, evidence of self-thinning due to competition that could reduce the population of adult trees, open gaps and allow colonization by shade-tolerant native species. Therefore, a monodominant pine stand—the “pine desert” feature of the invaded sites—tends to be persistent over time.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the staff of SBEcS and the staff of IEcS for logistical support. GD and RCRA thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for research grants to GD (#561771/2010 and #312292/2016-3) and Ph.D. grant for RCRA. RCRA also thanks CAPES/FULBRIGHT for a research grant. GAFD thanks PIBIC/UFF for a research grant. Research permit# 260108—013.650/2009 (SMA-SP/IF). The authors thank to Sam Flake for the language review and one anonymous reviewer for the suggestions that helped to improve the MS.

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  1. Rodolfo Cesar Real Abreu

    Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira e Dendrocronologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor da Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Arno Fritz das Neves Brandes & Gustavo de Assis Forés Domingues

  2. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Rafael Perpétuo Albuquerque & Claudia Franca Barros

  3. Laboratório de Ecologia e Hidrologia Florestal, Floresta Estadual de Assis, Instituto Florestal, Assis, SP, Brazil

    Giselda Durigan

  4. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Centro de Pesquisa em Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Rodolfo Cesar Real Abreu

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Brandes, A.F.N., Albuquerque, R.P., Domingues, G.A.F. et al. Dendroecology of Pinus elliottii Engelm. reveals waves of invasion in a neotropical savanna. Biol Invasions 22, 403–419 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02099-2

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