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Exploratory factor analysis-based method to develop compound intensity measures for predicting potential structural damage of ground motion

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Abstract

To accurately predict and quantify the potential structural damage (PSD) of ground motion records (GMRs), an intensity measure (IM) that correlates well with the structural response is needed. This paper proposes an exploratory factor analysis (EFA)-based approach for developing a compound intensity measure (CIM) for characterizing the PSD of GMRs. EFA is used to preferentially extract principal factors that are related to the acceleration, velocity and displacement of GMRs through compression of the selected IMs of three groups of GMRs. Then, the CIM is developed with a linear combination of the extracted principal factors on a log-scale. The explanations of variance corresponding to each principal factor are used to quantify the contributions of a single IM to the developed CIM. Applications to single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems modeled with different hysteretic models and multiple-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to three groups of GMRs demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results of the correlation between the developed CIM and structural demand confirm the robust performance of the proposed approach in estimating the predictability of the developed CIM for measuring the PSD of GMRs. The efficiency of the developed CIM for SDOF systems is found to be approximately of the same magnitude irrespective of hysteretic models, and the developed CIM is sufficient and proficient in structural demand evaluation with good confidence.

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Acknowledgements

This investigation is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1939210) and National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1504401). These supports are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments and suggestions.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1939210) and National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1504401).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin, China

    Bali Liu, Jinjun Hu & Lili Xie

  2. Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin, China

    Bali Liu, Jinjun Hu & Lili Xie

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  1. Bali Liu
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  2. Jinjun Hu
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  3. Lili Xie
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JH and BL. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BL and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jinjun Hu.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Table 5 Detailed information on Set #1A ground motions (Mw = 7.0, R = 10 km, soil site)
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Table 6 Detailed information on Set #1B ground motions (Mw = 6.0, R = 25 km, soil site)
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Table 7 Detailed information on Set #2 ground motions (Mw = 7.0, R = 10 km, rock site)
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Table 8 Correlation coefficients between different structural demands and IMFA values and a single IM component for the SDOF systems in the whole period region
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Table 9 Correlation coefficients between different structural demands and IMFA values and a single IM component for the MDOF systems in the whole period region
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Liu, B., Hu, J. & Xie, L. Exploratory factor analysis-based method to develop compound intensity measures for predicting potential structural damage of ground motion. Bull Earthquake Eng 20, 7107–7135 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01505-w

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