Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Afterburst thermal relaxation in neutron star crusts

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Astrophysics and Space Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We study thermal relaxation in a neutron star after internal heating events (outbursts) in the crust. We consider thin and thick spherically symmetric heaters, superfluid and non-superfluid crusts, stars with open and forbidden direct Urca processes in their cores. In particular, we analyze long-term thermal relaxation after deep crustal heating produced by nuclear transformations in fully or partly accreted crusts of transiently accreting neutron stars. This long-term relaxation has a typical relaxation time and an overall finite duration time for the crust to thermally equilibrate with the core. Neutron superfluidity in the inner crust greatly affects the relaxation if the heater is located in the inner crust. It shortens and unifies the time of emergence of thermal wave from the heater to the surface. This is important for the interpretation of observed outbursts of magnetars and transiently accreting neutron stars in quasi-persistent low-mass X-ray binaries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainsworth, T.L., Wambach, J., Pines, D.: Phys. Lett. B 222, 173 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • An, H., Kaspi, V.M., Tomsick, J.A., Cumming, A., Bodaghee, A., Gotthelf, E.V., Rahoui, F.: Astrophys. J. 757, 68 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Beloborodov, A.M., Li, X.: Astrophys. J. 833, 261 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Beznogov, M.V., Yakovlev, D.G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 447, 1598 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Beznogov, M.V., Potekhin, A.Y., Yakovlev, D.G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 459, 1569 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E.F., Cumming, A.: Astrophys. J. 698, 1020 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E.F., Bildsten, L., Rutledge, R.E.: Astrophys. J. 504, 95 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E., Bildsten, L., Chang, P.: In: APS Meeting Abstracts, S11.008 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaikin, E.A., Kaminker, A.D., Kaurov, A.A., Yakovlev, D.G.: Europhys. Lett. 108, 31002 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coti Zelati, F., Rea, N., Pons, J.A., Campana, S., Esposito, P.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 474, 961 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandolfi, S., Illarionov, A.Y., Pederiva, F., Schmidt, K.E., Fantoni, S.: Phys. Rev. C 80, 045802 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnedin, O.Y., Yakovlev, D.G., Potekhin, A.Y.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 324, 725 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson, E.H., Pethick, C.J., Epstein, R.I.: Astrophys. J. 272, 286 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., Brown, E.F., Schatz, H., Möller, P., Kratz, K.-L.: Astrophys. J. 662, 1188–1197 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haensel, P., Zdunik, J.L.: Astron. Astrophys. 229, 117 (1990a)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haensel, P., Zdunik, J.L.: Astron. Astrophys. 227, 431 (1990b)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haensel, P., Zdunik, J.L.: Astron. Astrophys. 404, 33 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haensel, P., Zdunik, J.L.: Astron. Astrophys. 480, 459 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haensel, P., Potekhin, A.Y., Yakovlev, D.G.: Neutron Stars. 1. Equation of State and Structure. Springer, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, S., Steiner, A.W.: Phys. Rev. C 96, 035802 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Henyey, L., L’Ecuyer, J.: Astrophys. J. 156, 549 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Homan, J., Fridriksson, J.K., Wijnands, R., Cackett, E.M., Degenaar, N., Linares, M., Lin, D., Remillard, R.A.: Astrophys. J. 795, 131 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminker, A.D., Yakovlev, D.G., Potekhin, A.Y., Shibazaki, N., Shternin, P.S., Gnedin, O.Y.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 371, 477 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminker, A.D., Yakovlev, D.G., Potekhin, A.Y., Shibazaki, N., Shternin, P.S., Gnedin, O.Y.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 308, 423 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminker, A.D., Potekhin, A.Y., Yakovlev, D.G., Chabrier, G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 395, 2257 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminker, A.D., Kaurov, A.A., Potekhin, A.Y., Yakovlev, D.G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 442, 3484 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminker, A.D., Chaikin, E.A., Kaurov, A.A., Yakovlev, D.G.: J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 932, 012047 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaspi, V.M., Beloborodov, A.M.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 55, 261 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimer, J.M., Pethick, C.J., Prakash, M., Haensel, P.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2701 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimer, J.M., van Riper, K.A., Prakash, M., Prakash, M.: Astrophys. J. 425, 802 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Levin, Y., Beloborodov, A.M.: Astrophys. J. 833, 189 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Medin, Z., Cumming, A.: Astrophys. J. Lett. 783, L3 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mereghetti, S.: Braz. J. Phys. 43, 356 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Merritt, R.L., Cackett, E.M., Brown, E.F., Page, D., Cumming, A., Degenaar, N., Deibel, A., Homan, J., Miller, J.M., Wijnands, R.: Astrophys. J. 833, 186 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ofengeim, D.D., Yakovlev, D.G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 467, 3598 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ofengeim, D.D., Kaminker, A.D., Klochkov, D., Suleimanov, V., Yakovlev, D.G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 454, 2668 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ootes, L.S., Wijnands, R., Page, D., Degenaar, N.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. (2018)

  • Page, D., Reddy, S.: In: Bertulani, C.A., Piekarewicz, J. (eds.) Neutron Star Crust, p. 282. Nova Science Publishers, New York (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, D., Reddy, S.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 241102 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Page, D., Geppert, U., Weber, F.: Nucl. Phys. A 777, 497 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Page, D., Lattimer, J.M., Prakash, M., Steiner, A.W.: In: Bennemann, K.H., Ketterson, J.B. (eds.) Novel Superfluids, p. 550. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patruno, A., Alpar, M.A., van der Klis, M., van den Heuvel, E.P.J.: Astrophys. J. 752, 33 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons, J.A., Perna, R.: Astrophys. J. 741, 123 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons, J.A., Rea, N.: Astrophys. J. 750, 6 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons, J.A., Miralles, J.A., Geppert, U.: Astron. Astrophys. 496, 207 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Potekhin, A.Y., Chabrier, G., Yakovlev, D.G.: Astron. Astrophys. 323, 415 (1997)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Potekhin, A.Y., Yakovlev, D.G., Chabrier, G., Gnedin, O.Y.: Astrophys. J. 594, 404 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Potekhin, A.Y., Fantina, A.F., Chamel, N., Pearson, J.M., Goriely, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 560, 48 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Potekhin, A.Y., Pons, J.A., Page, D.: Space Sci. Rev. 191, 239 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, H.-J., Cugnon, J., Lejeune, A., Baldo, M., Lombardo, U.: Phys. Lett. B 375, 1 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shternin, P.S., Yakovlev, D.G., Haensel, P., Potekhin, A.Y.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 382, 43 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Strohmayer, T., Bildsten, L.: In: Lewin, W.H.G., van der Klis, M. (eds.) Compact Stellar X-Ray Sources, p. 113. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Turlione, A., Aguilera, D.N., Pons, J.A.: Astron. Astrophys. 577, 5 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Viganò, D., Rea, N., Pons, J.A., Perna, R., Aguilera, D.N., Miralles, J.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 434, 123 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands, R., Degenaar, N., Page, D.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 432, 2366 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands, R., Degenaar, N., Page, D.: J. Astrophys. Astron. 38, 49 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yakovlev, D.G., Pethick, C.J.: Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 42, 169 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yakovlev, D.G., Levenfish, K.P., Shibanov, Y.A.: Phys. Usp. 42, 737 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yakovlev, D.G., Kaminker, A.D., Gnedin, O.Y., Haensel, P.: Phys. Rep. 354, 1 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yakovlev, D.G., Levenfish, K.P., Haensel, P.: Astron. Astrophys. 407, 265 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Sergei Balashev, Peter Shternin and Alexander Potekhin for a strong and constructive criticism. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-12-00316).

Author information

Author notes

  1. E. A. Chaikin

    Present address: Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121, Bonn, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, 194021, St Petersburg, Russia

    E. A. Chaikin

  2. Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya 26, 194021, St Petersburg, Russia

    A. D. Kaminker & D. G. Yakovlev

Authors
  1. E. A. Chaikin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. D. Kaminker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. G. Yakovlev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. G. Yakovlev.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chaikin, E.A., Kaminker, A.D. & Yakovlev, D.G. Afterburst thermal relaxation in neutron star crusts. Astrophys Space Sci 363, 209 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-018-3393-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-018-3393-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation