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Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of the hatching enzyme genes during embryonic development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

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Abstract

Hatching enzyme (HE) is the most critical enzyme in the process of fish hatching. Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, is one of economical and ferocious fish with long embryonic incubation and its long and irregular hatching time easily leads to the decrease of its fingerlings due to cannibalism. HE is one of the most important factors that affect the membrane effusion of fish eggs during incubation. The present study aimed to clone HE genes and to reveal the HE expression patterns of pikeperch during its hatching process. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of high choriolytic enzyme gene (HCE) and low choriolytic enzyme gene (LCE) from pikeperch were cloned and their expressions were performed using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The results showed that the full-length cDNAs of HCE and LCE were comprised of 1189 bp and 1147 bp, respectively, and the open reading frames (ORFs) obtained were 876 bp and 798 bp, encoded proteins of 291 and 265 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed high homology of HE in Percidae, far from amphibians, birds, and insects. HE genes maintained high expression from body segment appearance stage to hatching stage, and low expression in early embryo and larval stage of pikeperch. HE transcripts were initially detectable at body segment appearance stage in the head region and on the surface of the yolk sac. At hatching stage, strong staining was observed in the whole body from head to the tail. Compared with other fishes, the special spatiotemporal expression pattern of hatching enzyme may be the key factor leading to the irregular hatching time of pikeperch. Our study might enhance our understanding of the hatching mechanism of pikeperch.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Scientific Fund of Jiangsu Province (BY2015039-10), the Aquatic Three Project of Jiangsu Province (Y2017-37), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China

    Chenglong Pan, Lingling Li, Hao Zhu, Wenjia Mao, Tao Han, Xuqian Zhao, Caijuan Li & Qufei Ling

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  1. Chenglong Pan
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  2. Lingling Li
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  3. Hao Zhu
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  4. Wenjia Mao
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  5. Tao Han
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  8. Qufei Ling
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Contributions

Chenglong Pan; conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing

Lingling Li; data curation, investigation, methodology, writing—review and editing

Hao Zhu; data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology

Wenjia Mao; data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology

Tao Han; data curation, formal analysis, investigation

Xuqian Zhao; Data curation, Investigation

Caijuan Li; data curation, investigation

Qufei Ling; conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, writing—review and editing

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qufei Ling.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

All experiments performed on animals in this study were in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Soochow University on the care and use of experimental animals.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Chenglong Pan and Lingling Li are co-first authors.

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Pan, C., Li, L., Zhu, H. et al. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of the hatching enzyme genes during embryonic development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). Aquacult Int 31, 915–930 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01006-2

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